EHST 2110 EXAM 3 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is the difference between acute toxicity and chronic toxicity?
Answer:
Acute: one time exposure causes harm. Chronic: repeated low-doses eventually causing harm.
Question:
2. List the reason why lead exposure in the US has decreased over the past 30 years, and list a treatment
(painful) that is prescribed for people with elevated blood-lead concentrations.
Answer:
Decreased due to not using it in gasoline and house paint anymore in the US. Treatment is chelation which
is a process by which a drug is given that binds to lead, sequestering the metal and facilitation excretion
from the body. Has to be done multiple times.
Question:
3. Are all poisons toxic? Are all toxins poisonous? Explain why.
Answer:
All poisons are toxic, all toxins are not poisonous. Poisons cause illness or death at very low doses of
exposure 3/4 teaspoon for adults and 1/8 teaspoon for kids. Toxic provokes an adverse systematic effect.
Question:
4. What is the amount of a chemical required to kill 50% of the population of test animals within 14 days?
Answer:
LD50
Question:
5. What is the main objective of subchronic testing using dose-response experiments?
Answer:
Determining the highest level of exposure that will result in no adverse effects
Question:
6. List and define the 4 steps associated with Risk Assessment
Answer:
1) Hazard identification
2) Dose
3) Exposure Assessment
4) Risk Characterization
Question:
7. List the 3 common routes of exposure
Answer:
Dermal Oral Respiratory
, Question:
8. How do PCB's enter the environment?
Answer:
Discharge of PCB wastes from factories into waterways; vaporization from paints, landfills, or burning of
PCB's; leaks in industrial equipment, and spills.
Question:
9. List 3 diseases associated with asbestos exposure
Answer:
Asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, pleural plaques
Question:
10. List 3 methods for asbestos abatement
Answer:
Pleural thickening, encapsulation, enclosure, and removal
Question:
11. List 3 health effects of mercury exposure
Answer:
Liver, kidney, lung, and brain/neurological disorders, mad hatters disease
Question:
12. _________ by itself is not harmful, but when it reacts with water vapor in the atmosphere to form
compounds such as H2SO4, which can corrode structures.
Answer:
SO2
Question:
13. Which criteria air pollutant is a main constituent of a group of chemical compounds known as
photochemical oxidants, and is a pungent, colorless gas that irritates the respiratory system and reduces
lung capacity?
Answer:
ozone
Question:
14. The importance of this pollutant has steadily declined as a result of mandated changes in the
composition of gasoline
Answer:
lead
Question:
15. What is the most abundant pollutant gas is cities?
Answer:
CO
Question:
16. What are the two most significant precursors to acid rain?
CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. What is the difference between acute toxicity and chronic toxicity?
Answer:
Acute: one time exposure causes harm. Chronic: repeated low-doses eventually causing harm.
Question:
2. List the reason why lead exposure in the US has decreased over the past 30 years, and list a treatment
(painful) that is prescribed for people with elevated blood-lead concentrations.
Answer:
Decreased due to not using it in gasoline and house paint anymore in the US. Treatment is chelation which
is a process by which a drug is given that binds to lead, sequestering the metal and facilitation excretion
from the body. Has to be done multiple times.
Question:
3. Are all poisons toxic? Are all toxins poisonous? Explain why.
Answer:
All poisons are toxic, all toxins are not poisonous. Poisons cause illness or death at very low doses of
exposure 3/4 teaspoon for adults and 1/8 teaspoon for kids. Toxic provokes an adverse systematic effect.
Question:
4. What is the amount of a chemical required to kill 50% of the population of test animals within 14 days?
Answer:
LD50
Question:
5. What is the main objective of subchronic testing using dose-response experiments?
Answer:
Determining the highest level of exposure that will result in no adverse effects
Question:
6. List and define the 4 steps associated with Risk Assessment
Answer:
1) Hazard identification
2) Dose
3) Exposure Assessment
4) Risk Characterization
Question:
7. List the 3 common routes of exposure
Answer:
Dermal Oral Respiratory
, Question:
8. How do PCB's enter the environment?
Answer:
Discharge of PCB wastes from factories into waterways; vaporization from paints, landfills, or burning of
PCB's; leaks in industrial equipment, and spills.
Question:
9. List 3 diseases associated with asbestos exposure
Answer:
Asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma, pleural plaques
Question:
10. List 3 methods for asbestos abatement
Answer:
Pleural thickening, encapsulation, enclosure, and removal
Question:
11. List 3 health effects of mercury exposure
Answer:
Liver, kidney, lung, and brain/neurological disorders, mad hatters disease
Question:
12. _________ by itself is not harmful, but when it reacts with water vapor in the atmosphere to form
compounds such as H2SO4, which can corrode structures.
Answer:
SO2
Question:
13. Which criteria air pollutant is a main constituent of a group of chemical compounds known as
photochemical oxidants, and is a pungent, colorless gas that irritates the respiratory system and reduces
lung capacity?
Answer:
ozone
Question:
14. The importance of this pollutant has steadily declined as a result of mandated changes in the
composition of gasoline
Answer:
lead
Question:
15. What is the most abundant pollutant gas is cities?
Answer:
CO
Question:
16. What are the two most significant precursors to acid rain?
