PN2002 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES RATE A+
Communicating with someone who has cognitive impairment:
· face to face
· eye contact
· speak slowly and clearly
· calm, gentle approach
· use short sentences
· allow natural breaks and periods of silence
· one message at a time
· repeat the message
· use actions, along with words
· use humor and cheerfulness
Paraphrasing
- transforming the patient's words into the nurse's words while
keeping the meaning intac
Validation
- a form of feedback involving verbal and non-verbal confirmation of
both participants have the same basic understanding of a message.
Feedback loops validate information that is being received
,False reassurance
- using pseudo comforting phrases to offer reassurance. (non-
therapeutic technique)
Mutuality
- an agreement on problems and the means of resolving them.
Commitment of both parties to enhance well-being.
Clarifying
- therapeutic active listening strategy designed to aid in
understanding communication by asking more information or
elaboration on point.
Feedback
- a message given by the nurse to the patient in response to a
message or observed behaviour
What is bpsd?
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
,Personal space
- the invisible and changing boundary around an individual that
provides sense of comfort and protection.
4 steps on giving constructive feedback
· prepare: do not go into a situation without careful forethought and
planning. Practice what you want to say and how to say it
· identify the positive: find something the person did to complement
them on
· present the constructive feedback: once you get their attention,
pause a little bit, and let the feelings solidify and then direct them
into the constructive feedback part
· consolidate: after giving the feedback, make sure to not leave them
feeling deflated. The conclusion is that there was a good base to
start with
Receiving constructive feedback
· focus on the content, not the person: assume the person giving the
feedback has good intent and is concerned about the work or
resident. It is not a personal issue
· listen calmly and attentively: get the complete picture so you can
understand the context, tune in fully as listening will help keep a
positive tone, and try to keep any immediate negative
response/reactions you may have in check
· clarify the feedback: ask questions to gather the information you
need and to be certain you fully understand
, · acknowledge the other person's concern: show you value the other
person's point of view, point to common goals and objectives, and
express your willingness to engage in mutual problem solving
· avoid defending or over explaining correct any inaccuracies you
hear, but try to avoid arguments, if necessary, take time out before
responding in order to sort out what you want to say
· welcome suggestions: thank the person for giving feedback and find
the most important thing you can do differently to better your skills
or resident care
· evaluate the feedback: decide what changes you can make and
implement them, let the person know that you have implemented
the changes stemmed from the feedback and that it has made a
difference.
Nurse-patient relationship
Orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
What can you say to a client who is emotional/crying or anxious? List
examples
- use active listening to show acceptance
- being honest, answering all questions
- encouraging self-affirmation "i will" "i can"
- therapeutic touch
- guided imagery
- speak clear
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES RATE A+
Communicating with someone who has cognitive impairment:
· face to face
· eye contact
· speak slowly and clearly
· calm, gentle approach
· use short sentences
· allow natural breaks and periods of silence
· one message at a time
· repeat the message
· use actions, along with words
· use humor and cheerfulness
Paraphrasing
- transforming the patient's words into the nurse's words while
keeping the meaning intac
Validation
- a form of feedback involving verbal and non-verbal confirmation of
both participants have the same basic understanding of a message.
Feedback loops validate information that is being received
,False reassurance
- using pseudo comforting phrases to offer reassurance. (non-
therapeutic technique)
Mutuality
- an agreement on problems and the means of resolving them.
Commitment of both parties to enhance well-being.
Clarifying
- therapeutic active listening strategy designed to aid in
understanding communication by asking more information or
elaboration on point.
Feedback
- a message given by the nurse to the patient in response to a
message or observed behaviour
What is bpsd?
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
,Personal space
- the invisible and changing boundary around an individual that
provides sense of comfort and protection.
4 steps on giving constructive feedback
· prepare: do not go into a situation without careful forethought and
planning. Practice what you want to say and how to say it
· identify the positive: find something the person did to complement
them on
· present the constructive feedback: once you get their attention,
pause a little bit, and let the feelings solidify and then direct them
into the constructive feedback part
· consolidate: after giving the feedback, make sure to not leave them
feeling deflated. The conclusion is that there was a good base to
start with
Receiving constructive feedback
· focus on the content, not the person: assume the person giving the
feedback has good intent and is concerned about the work or
resident. It is not a personal issue
· listen calmly and attentively: get the complete picture so you can
understand the context, tune in fully as listening will help keep a
positive tone, and try to keep any immediate negative
response/reactions you may have in check
· clarify the feedback: ask questions to gather the information you
need and to be certain you fully understand
, · acknowledge the other person's concern: show you value the other
person's point of view, point to common goals and objectives, and
express your willingness to engage in mutual problem solving
· avoid defending or over explaining correct any inaccuracies you
hear, but try to avoid arguments, if necessary, take time out before
responding in order to sort out what you want to say
· welcome suggestions: thank the person for giving feedback and find
the most important thing you can do differently to better your skills
or resident care
· evaluate the feedback: decide what changes you can make and
implement them, let the person know that you have implemented
the changes stemmed from the feedback and that it has made a
difference.
Nurse-patient relationship
Orientation, identification, exploitation, resolution, and termination.
What can you say to a client who is emotional/crying or anxious? List
examples
- use active listening to show acceptance
- being honest, answering all questions
- encouraging self-affirmation "i will" "i can"
- therapeutic touch
- guided imagery
- speak clear
