EME 106 Test 1 Study Guide 2026/2027 – 100+ Questions & Answers, EMT Law, CPR, Patient Assessment, Anatomy & Vital Signs – Palomar College

This 20-page EME 106 Test 1 Study Guide for 2026/2027 provides 100+ questions, answers, definitions, and exam-focused review points covering essential emergency medical education concepts associated with the EME 106 course material. The document identifies itself as “EME 106 (PALOMAR) TEST 1” and combines legal and ethical responsibilities, CPR and emergency cardiovascular care, patient assessment, anatomy and physiology, respiratory assessment, vital signs, neurological evaluation, and trauma-related terminology into a single test-preparation resource. The opening section concentrates on EMS legal and ethical responsibilities, including abandonment, assault and battery, negligence, duty to act, breach, damages, proximate causation, Good Samaritan protections, scope of practice, informed or expressed consent, implied consent, involuntary consent, DNR orders, emancipated minors, and refusal of care against medical advice. It also discusses competency for refusing treatment, California 5150 criteria as presented in the document, mandatory reporting, and San Diego County Protocol S-411 concerning suspected child, dependent-adult, or elder abuse and neglect. This section gives students a concentrated review of the legal concepts that can influence EMT assessment, treatment, documentation, consent, and patient disposition. The CPR and emergency cardiovascular section reviews adult, child, and infant compression-to-ventilation ratios, hand placement, foreign-body airway obstruction, pulse checks, AED/defibrillation, and rescue-breathing rates. The cardiovascular anatomy review follows the path of circulation through the superior and inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs and alveoli, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral region, left ventricle, aortic valve, and aorta. It then continues through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins and distinguishes systole from diastole, including the document’s discussion of coronary artery perfusion during diastole. A major portion is devoted to systematic EMT patient assessment. Students review BSI and scene safety, PENMAN, SMNAS, general impression, AVPU, chief complaint, airway, breathing, circulation, major bleeding, skin findings, capillary refill, and transport priority. Secondary assessment material includes OPQRST, SAMPLE history, focused or rapid physical examination, vital signs, and interventions, while ongoing assessment emphasizes reassessing vital-sign trends, evaluating interventions, and managing secondary injuries or continuing chief complaints. The trauma material connects injury location with immediate clinical priorities. The guide associates facial injuries with potential airway compromise; neck injuries with airway, breathing, and neurological concerns; chest injuries with breathing and bleeding concerns; abdominal and pelvic trauma with bleeding risks; femur/extremity injuries with hemorrhage and threats to the limb; and back injuries with potential bleeding, respiratory, and neurological compromise. Anatomical directional terminology—including prone, supine, recumbent, distal, proximal, superior, and inferior—is also reviewed. Students also receive focused preparation in vital signs, respiratory assessment, and neurological evaluation. The material covers BRIM, PRBELS, adult respiratory rate, pulse and blood-pressure values, central versus peripheral pulse locations, and signs of inadequate breathing such as tripod positioning, accessory-muscle use, retractions, nasal flaring, agitation, altered level of consciousness, cyanosis, tachypnea, apnea, and dyspnea. Respiratory anatomy progresses from the nose and mouth through the nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, epiglottis, glottic opening, trachea, carina, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, followed by explanations of internal and external respiration. The later pages broaden the review into musculoskeletal, integumentary, circulatory, nervous-system, and abdominal anatomy. Topics include skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle; the cranium, thoracic spine, spinal column, pelvis, and extremities; the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers; red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma; the central and peripheral nervous systems; voluntary/somatic and autonomic functions; and the four abdominal quadrants. The guide identifies structures associated with the RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ and distinguishes auscultation from palpation. The final material addresses adequate versus inadequate ventilation and age-related vital signs, including respiratory patterns, skin findings, chest movement, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, sweating, wheezing, and body positioning. Infant and pediatric pulse, respiratory-rate, and blood-pressure ranges are also supplied for rapid test review. Because clinical standards and local EMS protocols can change, students should use the document as a course-specific Test 1 study resource and verify protocol-sensitive material against their current course materials and applicable EMS guidance. Relevant Students: Palomar College EME 106 students, EMT students, Emergency Medical Education students, Emergency Medical Technician candidates, EMS students, first responder students, prehospital emergency care students, and learners preparing for assessments covering EMS law, CPR, patient assessment, cardiovascular anatomy, respiratory anatomy, trauma assessment, vital signs, and basic anatomy and physiology. 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