CHT BONENT EXAMS SCRIPTS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Technician role in secondary hyperparathyroidism - ✔✔Listen to symptoms and
report to nurse
Reinforce teachings from nurse de dieticians
Urge pts to take meds and follow diet plan
✔✔(symptoms) pruritus - ✔✔Itching.
Disrupts sleep
Can reduce quality of life
Raise risk of hospitalization
✔✔neuropathy - ✔✔Nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy is in hands and feet
✔✔Symptoms of neuropathy - ✔✔Burning of hands and feet
Pins and needle feeling
Muscle weakness
Erectile dysfunction
Walking problems
Vitamin b6 helps ease pain
✔✔sleeping problems - ✔✔Common in CKD along with sleep apnea, unclear why.
Nocturnal HD is known to help with these problems because it can help bring back the
normal rhythm of melatonin
✔✔Electrolyte - ✔✔Carry electrical current like a nerve signal
✔✔Sodium - ✔✔Is an electrolyte that helps help water balanced
✔✔Hypernatremia - ✔✔to much sodium, increase thirst, flushed skin,fever, seizures
and death
,✔✔Hyponatremia - ✔✔low sodium in the blood, low BP cramps, resltlessness, anxiety,
access pain, headaches and nausea
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔Controls nerves and muscles, also can help with water balance and
the bodies use of glucose
✔✔Lab value for Potassium - ✔✔3.5-5.5 mEq/L
✔✔Foods high in potassium - ✔✔• Avocado
• Bananas
• Cantaloupe
• Carrots
• Fish
• Mushrooms
• Oranges
• Potatoes
• Pork, Beef, Veal
• Raisins
• Spinach
• Strawberries
• Tomatoes
Chewing tobacco is high in potassium
✔✔Patients should avoid using salt substitutes because - ✔✔It has high levels of
potassium
✔✔Hyperkalemia - ✔✔excessive potassium in the blood, can change heart rhythm, can
be caused by eating high potassium food, bleeding, trauma, hemolysis and missed tx.
Symptoms are muscle weakness, belly cramps, skipped heart beats
✔✔Hypokalemia - ✔✔too little potassium, rare in dialysis pts, symptoms include
vomiting, diherria,fatigue, weakness and change in heart rate
✔✔Kayexalate - ✔✔drugs used in patients with lower potassium
✔✔Calcium - ✔✔Controls blood clotting, enzymes,horomones, and muscles. It's found
in the bones and teeth
failed kidneys can't change vitamin d to active form or keep calcium and phosphorus in
balance
✔✔Patients should limit calcium to - ✔✔2000mg a day
✔✔Calcium lab value - ✔✔8.4-9.5
, ✔✔Hypercalcemia - ✔✔excessive calcium in the blood, due to high doses of vitamin d
symptoms are vomiting, weakness,confusion, and coma
✔✔Hypocalcemia - ✔✔deficient calcium in the blood, occurs when gut can't absorb CA,
if phosphorus levels are high the calcium and phosphorus bond so the bloods calcium
level can drop.
Symptoms include numbness.seizures, tetany (5tremors,face twitch, muscle spasms or
muscle pain)
✔✔Technician role in calcium - ✔✔Always check water before tx, check dialysate,
check another teammates dialysate, urge pts to follow meal plans, report any symptoms
to nurse
✔✔Phosphorus - ✔✔Plays role in bodies use of energy, mainly found in bones and
teeth
✔✔Food with Phosphorus - ✔✔Dairy, pop, beans, whole grains, nuts. Food with a lot of
preservatives and flavor enhancers
✔✔Patient should limit phosphorous levels to - ✔✔800-1000mg a day
✔✔Lab values for phosphurous - ✔✔3.5-5.5
✔✔Hyperphosphatemia - ✔✔excessive phosphate in the blood, failed kidneys can't
remove and neither can tx. Can cause servers itching and bone disease. Tell patients to
take binders with meals
✔✔Binders - ✔✔Bind with the gut so it absorbs less phosphorus.
✔✔Extraskeletal calicification - ✔✔If calcium and phosphorous are both high at the
same time they bond together creating sharp crystals which can form in eyes, lungs,
heart, joints and can block BV. Patients can lose limbs if this occurs
✔✔Hypophatemia - ✔✔Low phosphorous in blood, rare in HD due to poor diet or eating
to many binders. Weakness paralysis and RBC function problems
✔✔Dialysis blood test include - ✔✔Kt/v
Hematocrit
Albumin
Calcium
Phosphorus
PTH
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Technician role in secondary hyperparathyroidism - ✔✔Listen to symptoms and
report to nurse
Reinforce teachings from nurse de dieticians
Urge pts to take meds and follow diet plan
✔✔(symptoms) pruritus - ✔✔Itching.
Disrupts sleep
Can reduce quality of life
Raise risk of hospitalization
✔✔neuropathy - ✔✔Nerve damage, peripheral neuropathy is in hands and feet
✔✔Symptoms of neuropathy - ✔✔Burning of hands and feet
Pins and needle feeling
Muscle weakness
Erectile dysfunction
Walking problems
Vitamin b6 helps ease pain
✔✔sleeping problems - ✔✔Common in CKD along with sleep apnea, unclear why.
Nocturnal HD is known to help with these problems because it can help bring back the
normal rhythm of melatonin
✔✔Electrolyte - ✔✔Carry electrical current like a nerve signal
✔✔Sodium - ✔✔Is an electrolyte that helps help water balanced
✔✔Hypernatremia - ✔✔to much sodium, increase thirst, flushed skin,fever, seizures
and death
,✔✔Hyponatremia - ✔✔low sodium in the blood, low BP cramps, resltlessness, anxiety,
access pain, headaches and nausea
✔✔Potassium - ✔✔Controls nerves and muscles, also can help with water balance and
the bodies use of glucose
✔✔Lab value for Potassium - ✔✔3.5-5.5 mEq/L
✔✔Foods high in potassium - ✔✔• Avocado
• Bananas
• Cantaloupe
• Carrots
• Fish
• Mushrooms
• Oranges
• Potatoes
• Pork, Beef, Veal
• Raisins
• Spinach
• Strawberries
• Tomatoes
Chewing tobacco is high in potassium
✔✔Patients should avoid using salt substitutes because - ✔✔It has high levels of
potassium
✔✔Hyperkalemia - ✔✔excessive potassium in the blood, can change heart rhythm, can
be caused by eating high potassium food, bleeding, trauma, hemolysis and missed tx.
Symptoms are muscle weakness, belly cramps, skipped heart beats
✔✔Hypokalemia - ✔✔too little potassium, rare in dialysis pts, symptoms include
vomiting, diherria,fatigue, weakness and change in heart rate
✔✔Kayexalate - ✔✔drugs used in patients with lower potassium
✔✔Calcium - ✔✔Controls blood clotting, enzymes,horomones, and muscles. It's found
in the bones and teeth
failed kidneys can't change vitamin d to active form or keep calcium and phosphorus in
balance
✔✔Patients should limit calcium to - ✔✔2000mg a day
✔✔Calcium lab value - ✔✔8.4-9.5
, ✔✔Hypercalcemia - ✔✔excessive calcium in the blood, due to high doses of vitamin d
symptoms are vomiting, weakness,confusion, and coma
✔✔Hypocalcemia - ✔✔deficient calcium in the blood, occurs when gut can't absorb CA,
if phosphorus levels are high the calcium and phosphorus bond so the bloods calcium
level can drop.
Symptoms include numbness.seizures, tetany (5tremors,face twitch, muscle spasms or
muscle pain)
✔✔Technician role in calcium - ✔✔Always check water before tx, check dialysate,
check another teammates dialysate, urge pts to follow meal plans, report any symptoms
to nurse
✔✔Phosphorus - ✔✔Plays role in bodies use of energy, mainly found in bones and
teeth
✔✔Food with Phosphorus - ✔✔Dairy, pop, beans, whole grains, nuts. Food with a lot of
preservatives and flavor enhancers
✔✔Patient should limit phosphorous levels to - ✔✔800-1000mg a day
✔✔Lab values for phosphurous - ✔✔3.5-5.5
✔✔Hyperphosphatemia - ✔✔excessive phosphate in the blood, failed kidneys can't
remove and neither can tx. Can cause servers itching and bone disease. Tell patients to
take binders with meals
✔✔Binders - ✔✔Bind with the gut so it absorbs less phosphorus.
✔✔Extraskeletal calicification - ✔✔If calcium and phosphorous are both high at the
same time they bond together creating sharp crystals which can form in eyes, lungs,
heart, joints and can block BV. Patients can lose limbs if this occurs
✔✔Hypophatemia - ✔✔Low phosphorous in blood, rare in HD due to poor diet or eating
to many binders. Weakness paralysis and RBC function problems
✔✔Dialysis blood test include - ✔✔Kt/v
Hematocrit
Albumin
Calcium
Phosphorus
PTH
