NURSING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ACTUAL SETS
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and
two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the
mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal
dominant disease for their next child?
A) 50%
B) 33%
C) 25%
D) Impossible to determine - ✔✔a
✔✔A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
A) XY
B) XX
C) XYY
D) XXY - ✔✔d
✔✔A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X
syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to cause this syndrome?
A) Translocation
B) Inversion
C) Nondisjunction
D) Duplication at fragile sites - ✔✔d
✔✔The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the
environment, is called the disease:
A) genotype.
B) allele.
C) phenotype.
D) dominance. - ✔✔c
,✔✔Which of the following genetic diseases manifests with progressive dementia in
middle to later adulthood?
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Achondroplasia
D) Huntington disease - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following types of genetic disorders is the most common cause of
miscarriage?
A) Autosomal dominant
B) Autosomal recessive
C) X-linked recessive
D) Chromosomal - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following is an accurate characteristic of an autosomal recessive
pedigree?
A) On average, 50% of the children will have the autosomal recessive disease if one
parent has the disease.
B) Males are affected more than females.
C) On average, 25% of the children are affected by the autosomal recessive disease if
both parents are carriers.
D) There is a decreased risk of disease with consanguinity. - ✔✔c
✔✔Which of the following is an accurate characterization of an X-linked recessive
pedigree?
A) Disease is seen more often in males than females.
B) A pattern of skipped generations is rare.
C) Males are gene carriers.
D) Mothers usually transmit the disease to their daughters. - ✔✔a
✔✔The process by which RNA directs the synthesis of protein is called:
A) termination.
B) transcription.
C) promotion.
D) translation. - ✔✔d
✔✔A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an
example of:
A) gene imprinting.
B) an autosomal recessive trait.
C) an autosomal dominant trait.
D) a sex-linked trait. - ✔✔a
✔✔Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
, A) treat disease.
B) protect cells from injury.
C) prevent cellular aging.
D) speed up cellular death. - ✔✔b
✔✔Cellular atrophy involves:
A) an increase in cell size.
B) a decrease in cell size.
C) an increase in the number of cells.
D) a decrease in the number of cells. - ✔✔b
✔✔The process of cellular atrophy is accomplished through which of the following
processes?
A) Loss of fluid
B) Decreased cell division
C) Inhibition of enzyme formation
D) Formation of autophagic vacuoles - ✔✔d
✔✔In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in response to:
A) tissue loss.
B) decreased hormonal stimulation.
C) ischemia.
D) puberty. - ✔✔a
✔✔Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
A) neoplasia (cancer).
B) dysplasia.
C) metaplasia.
D) all of the above. - ✔✔d
✔✔In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure
(hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) hyperplasia.
D) dsyplasia. - ✔✔b
✔✔The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
A) cell division.
B) water accumulation.
C) protein synthesis.
D) plasma membrane thickness. - ✔✔c
✔✔Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔A couple has three offspring: one child with an autosomal dominant disease trait and
two who are normal. The father is affected by the autosomal dominant disease, but the
mother does not have the disease gene. What is the recurrence risk of this autosomal
dominant disease for their next child?
A) 50%
B) 33%
C) 25%
D) Impossible to determine - ✔✔a
✔✔A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following?
A) XY
B) XX
C) XYY
D) XXY - ✔✔d
✔✔A 5-year-old male presents with mental retardation and is diagnosed with Fragile X
syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to cause this syndrome?
A) Translocation
B) Inversion
C) Nondisjunction
D) Duplication at fragile sites - ✔✔d
✔✔The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the
environment, is called the disease:
A) genotype.
B) allele.
C) phenotype.
D) dominance. - ✔✔c
,✔✔Which of the following genetic diseases manifests with progressive dementia in
middle to later adulthood?
A) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Achondroplasia
D) Huntington disease - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following types of genetic disorders is the most common cause of
miscarriage?
A) Autosomal dominant
B) Autosomal recessive
C) X-linked recessive
D) Chromosomal - ✔✔d
✔✔Which of the following is an accurate characteristic of an autosomal recessive
pedigree?
A) On average, 50% of the children will have the autosomal recessive disease if one
parent has the disease.
B) Males are affected more than females.
C) On average, 25% of the children are affected by the autosomal recessive disease if
both parents are carriers.
D) There is a decreased risk of disease with consanguinity. - ✔✔c
✔✔Which of the following is an accurate characterization of an X-linked recessive
pedigree?
A) Disease is seen more often in males than females.
B) A pattern of skipped generations is rare.
C) Males are gene carriers.
D) Mothers usually transmit the disease to their daughters. - ✔✔a
✔✔The process by which RNA directs the synthesis of protein is called:
A) termination.
B) transcription.
C) promotion.
D) translation. - ✔✔d
✔✔A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an
example of:
A) gene imprinting.
B) an autosomal recessive trait.
C) an autosomal dominant trait.
D) a sex-linked trait. - ✔✔a
✔✔Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
, A) treat disease.
B) protect cells from injury.
C) prevent cellular aging.
D) speed up cellular death. - ✔✔b
✔✔Cellular atrophy involves:
A) an increase in cell size.
B) a decrease in cell size.
C) an increase in the number of cells.
D) a decrease in the number of cells. - ✔✔b
✔✔The process of cellular atrophy is accomplished through which of the following
processes?
A) Loss of fluid
B) Decreased cell division
C) Inhibition of enzyme formation
D) Formation of autophagic vacuoles - ✔✔d
✔✔In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in response to:
A) tissue loss.
B) decreased hormonal stimulation.
C) ischemia.
D) puberty. - ✔✔a
✔✔Pathologic hyperplasia can lead to:
A) neoplasia (cancer).
B) dysplasia.
C) metaplasia.
D) all of the above. - ✔✔d
✔✔In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high blood pressure
(hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will adapt through the process of:
A) atrophy.
B) hypertrophy.
C) hyperplasia.
D) dsyplasia. - ✔✔b
✔✔The process of muscle hypertrophy involves an increase in:
A) cell division.
B) water accumulation.
C) protein synthesis.
D) plasma membrane thickness. - ✔✔c
✔✔Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results in cervical:
