CCBC NURN155 COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space
✔✔Pitting Edema - ✔✔Leaves an indentation in the tissue with pressure
✔✔Brawny Edema - ✔✔Chronic edema, with discoloration of the extremity, occurs with
long standing swelling. This rarely abates and does not pit with pressure
✔✔Non-pitting Edema - ✔✔Swelling is evident, but no pit is formed with pressure;
swelling will abate with treatment
✔✔Perfusion Related Equipment - ✔✔Doppler
TEDs
SCDs
✔✔Doppler Ultrasonic stethoscope - ✔✔Detect a weak peripheral pulse
Measure a low blood pressure
Magnifies pulsatile sounds
✔✔TEDs (Thromboembolic device
Elastic stockings) - ✔✔Aid in maintaining external pressure on the muscles of lower
extremities to promote venous return
✔✔SCDs (Sequential compression stockings) - ✔✔Alternately inflates (10-15 sec)and
deflates (45-60 sec)
Decreases venous stasis by increasing venous return
✔✔B-type Natriuretic Peptide - ✔✔- Neurohormone secreted in response to elevated
ventricular pressure.
- Normal < 100 pg/mL
*Elevated is a marker for heart failure
,✔✔Coagulation Studies - PT, INR - ✔✔Therapeutic INR 2.0 to 3.0 - treatment for
venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and valvular heart disease
Therapeutic INR 2.5 to 3.5 - patients with mechanical heart valves or recurrent emboli
✔✔Coagulation Studies - APTT - ✔✔Therapeutic APTT (patient on heparin) is 1.5 to 2.5
baseline
✔✔Electrolytes - ✔✔The electrolytes that are most influential in perfusion are sodium,
potassium, calcium, and magnesium
✔✔Lipid Profile - ✔✔Total Chol:Females ≤190mg/dL, Males ≤ 205mg/dL
HDL:Females-40-85 mg/dL, Males- 37-70 mg/dL
LDL- 60 mg/dL or lower
Triglycerides:Females-10-190 mg/dL,Males- 44-180 mg/dL
✔✔Angiography - ✔✔Contrast material is injected
Visualization of the structure and patency of blood vessels
** Contraindications-allergies to shellfish or iodinated dye, renal failure
✔✔Echocardiography - ✔✔Ultrasound involving transmission of high-frequency sound
waves to produce images of the heart.
✔✔Transthoracic/Transesophageal Echocardiography (TE/TEE) - ✔✔- Simultaneously
with an ECG
- Assess heart valves, direction of blood flow, size and motion of myocardium and heart
chambers.
✔✔Health Promotion: Atherosclerosis - ✔✔Modify lifestyle: dyslipidemia, obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress
Conditions that can be controlled: Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Metabolic
Syndrome.
✔✔Oropharyngeal airway - ✔✔Used to maintain the airway, only used on unconscious
victims with no gag reflex
Used to keep the tongue away from the posterior pharynx
✔✔Nasopharyngeal airway - ✔✔Same as oropharyngeal airway but through the nose
✔✔Endotracheal tube - ✔✔Tube, often used in administering anesthesia, that is passed
through the trachea
✔✔Anthropometric Measurements - ✔✔Height
Weight
Waist, Arm and Head Circumference
Skin fold Thickness
, ✔✔Physiology of Sleep - ✔✔Reticular activating system (RAS), Bulbar synchronizing
region, and hypothalamus.
✔✔rapid eye movement (REM) - ✔✔pulse, resp rate, BP, metabolic rate and body temp
increase
✔✔Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep - ✔✔Stages 1 through 4 of sleep;
contains ever-slowing brain waves as one gets deeper into sleep.
✔✔Factors affecting sleep - ✔✔Illness
Environment
Lifestyle
Emotional stress
Stimulants and alcohol
Diet
Smoking
Motivation
Medications
✔✔Illnesses Associated with Sleep Disturbances - ✔✔Gastroesophageal reflux
Coronary artery diseases
Epilepsy
Liver failure and encephalitis
Hypothyroidism
End-stage renal disease
✔✔insomnia - ✔✔recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
✔✔Parasomnias - ✔✔Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that
occur during sleep, enuresis
✔✔Obtaining a Sleep History - ✔✔Nature of problem
Cause of problem
Related signs and symptoms
When the problem began and how often it occurs
How the problem affects everyday living
Severity of the problem and how it can be treated
How the patient is coping with the problem and success of treatments attempted
✔✔Screening Tools to Assess Sleep Disturbances - ✔✔The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire
✔✔Three phases of the interview - ✔✔introduction, working phase, closing
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Edema - ✔✔Accumulation of fluid in the intercellular space
✔✔Pitting Edema - ✔✔Leaves an indentation in the tissue with pressure
✔✔Brawny Edema - ✔✔Chronic edema, with discoloration of the extremity, occurs with
long standing swelling. This rarely abates and does not pit with pressure
✔✔Non-pitting Edema - ✔✔Swelling is evident, but no pit is formed with pressure;
swelling will abate with treatment
✔✔Perfusion Related Equipment - ✔✔Doppler
TEDs
SCDs
✔✔Doppler Ultrasonic stethoscope - ✔✔Detect a weak peripheral pulse
Measure a low blood pressure
Magnifies pulsatile sounds
✔✔TEDs (Thromboembolic device
Elastic stockings) - ✔✔Aid in maintaining external pressure on the muscles of lower
extremities to promote venous return
✔✔SCDs (Sequential compression stockings) - ✔✔Alternately inflates (10-15 sec)and
deflates (45-60 sec)
Decreases venous stasis by increasing venous return
✔✔B-type Natriuretic Peptide - ✔✔- Neurohormone secreted in response to elevated
ventricular pressure.
- Normal < 100 pg/mL
*Elevated is a marker for heart failure
,✔✔Coagulation Studies - PT, INR - ✔✔Therapeutic INR 2.0 to 3.0 - treatment for
venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and valvular heart disease
Therapeutic INR 2.5 to 3.5 - patients with mechanical heart valves or recurrent emboli
✔✔Coagulation Studies - APTT - ✔✔Therapeutic APTT (patient on heparin) is 1.5 to 2.5
baseline
✔✔Electrolytes - ✔✔The electrolytes that are most influential in perfusion are sodium,
potassium, calcium, and magnesium
✔✔Lipid Profile - ✔✔Total Chol:Females ≤190mg/dL, Males ≤ 205mg/dL
HDL:Females-40-85 mg/dL, Males- 37-70 mg/dL
LDL- 60 mg/dL or lower
Triglycerides:Females-10-190 mg/dL,Males- 44-180 mg/dL
✔✔Angiography - ✔✔Contrast material is injected
Visualization of the structure and patency of blood vessels
** Contraindications-allergies to shellfish or iodinated dye, renal failure
✔✔Echocardiography - ✔✔Ultrasound involving transmission of high-frequency sound
waves to produce images of the heart.
✔✔Transthoracic/Transesophageal Echocardiography (TE/TEE) - ✔✔- Simultaneously
with an ECG
- Assess heart valves, direction of blood flow, size and motion of myocardium and heart
chambers.
✔✔Health Promotion: Atherosclerosis - ✔✔Modify lifestyle: dyslipidemia, obesity,
sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress
Conditions that can be controlled: Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, and Metabolic
Syndrome.
✔✔Oropharyngeal airway - ✔✔Used to maintain the airway, only used on unconscious
victims with no gag reflex
Used to keep the tongue away from the posterior pharynx
✔✔Nasopharyngeal airway - ✔✔Same as oropharyngeal airway but through the nose
✔✔Endotracheal tube - ✔✔Tube, often used in administering anesthesia, that is passed
through the trachea
✔✔Anthropometric Measurements - ✔✔Height
Weight
Waist, Arm and Head Circumference
Skin fold Thickness
, ✔✔Physiology of Sleep - ✔✔Reticular activating system (RAS), Bulbar synchronizing
region, and hypothalamus.
✔✔rapid eye movement (REM) - ✔✔pulse, resp rate, BP, metabolic rate and body temp
increase
✔✔Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep - ✔✔Stages 1 through 4 of sleep;
contains ever-slowing brain waves as one gets deeper into sleep.
✔✔Factors affecting sleep - ✔✔Illness
Environment
Lifestyle
Emotional stress
Stimulants and alcohol
Diet
Smoking
Motivation
Medications
✔✔Illnesses Associated with Sleep Disturbances - ✔✔Gastroesophageal reflux
Coronary artery diseases
Epilepsy
Liver failure and encephalitis
Hypothyroidism
End-stage renal disease
✔✔insomnia - ✔✔recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
✔✔Parasomnias - ✔✔Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that
occur during sleep, enuresis
✔✔Obtaining a Sleep History - ✔✔Nature of problem
Cause of problem
Related signs and symptoms
When the problem began and how often it occurs
How the problem affects everyday living
Severity of the problem and how it can be treated
How the patient is coping with the problem and success of treatments attempted
✔✔Screening Tools to Assess Sleep Disturbances - ✔✔The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire
✔✔Three phases of the interview - ✔✔introduction, working phase, closing
