NR 222 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM 1
LATEST 2026/2027 COMPLETE STUDY
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
TOP RATED | ASSURED A+
,NR 222 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM 1 LATEST
2026/2027 COMPLETE STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% TOP RATED | ASSURED A+
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe
cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this
process?
A. Adaptation
B. Pathologic calcification
C. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis - Answer>>> D
A patient with an 18 pack per year history presents to a family practice clinic complaining of
painless hoarseness and inability to clear mucus. A biopsy of respiratory tract cells is taken and
shows that these cells have been replaced by less mature squamous epithelium cells. The nurse
knows this type of change is referred to as:
A. dysplasia
B. metaplasia
C. hyperplasia
D. coagulation - Answer>>> B
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia).
How should the nurse respond when the patient asks what causes pernicious anemia? A decrease
in ______ is the most likely cause.
A. Ferritin
,B. Gastric enzymes
C. Intrinsic factor
D. Erythropoietin - Answer>>> C
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of
the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - Answer>>> B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function
while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead
poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-
threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer permanent
organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A nurse is teaching a class about immune deficiencies, and a person from the audience asks
which cells are affected by severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) syndrome, and the nurse
answers:
A. B cell deficits
B. T cell deficits
C. complement deficits
D. B and T cell deficits - Answer>>> D
, When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?
Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
A. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states
B. a normal immune response to an infectious agent
C. an excessive or inappropriate response of immune system to sensitizing antigen
D. antigenic desensitization - Answer>>> C
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the
great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed
to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - Answer>>> B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple systems, the most important
changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - Answer>>> C
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight response?
LATEST 2026/2027 COMPLETE STUDY
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100%
TOP RATED | ASSURED A+
,NR 222 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM 1 LATEST
2026/2027 COMPLETE STUDY QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 100% TOP RATED | ASSURED A+
A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe
cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this
process?
A. Adaptation
B. Pathologic calcification
C. Apoptosis
D. Necrosis - Answer>>> D
A patient with an 18 pack per year history presents to a family practice clinic complaining of
painless hoarseness and inability to clear mucus. A biopsy of respiratory tract cells is taken and
shows that these cells have been replaced by less mature squamous epithelium cells. The nurse
knows this type of change is referred to as:
A. dysplasia
B. metaplasia
C. hyperplasia
D. coagulation - Answer>>> B
A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with vitamin B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia).
How should the nurse respond when the patient asks what causes pernicious anemia? A decrease
in ______ is the most likely cause.
A. Ferritin
,B. Gastric enzymes
C. Intrinsic factor
D. Erythropoietin - Answer>>> C
The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing
and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of
the following blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel - Answer>>> B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney function
while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in the case of lead
poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-
threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer permanent
organ damage if her RBCs are low.
A nurse is teaching a class about immune deficiencies, and a person from the audience asks
which cells are affected by severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) syndrome, and the nurse
answers:
A. B cell deficits
B. T cell deficits
C. complement deficits
D. B and T cell deficits - Answer>>> D
, When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?
Hypersensitivity is best defined as:
A. a reduced immune response found in most pathologic states
B. a normal immune response to an infectious agent
C. an excessive or inappropriate response of immune system to sensitizing antigen
D. antigenic desensitization - Answer>>> C
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the
great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed
to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes - Answer>>> B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple systems, the most important
changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular - Answer>>> C
Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight response?
