Management Study Guide |
Practice Questions & Exam Prep
2026/2027
, Leadership A process of influence in which the leader influences others toward goal
achievement.
Formal Leadership when a person in a position of authority or in a sanctioned, assigned role within an
organization that connotes influence, such as a clinical nurse specialist.
Informal Leader an individual who demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership
role or as a member of a group rather than as the head or leader of the group.
Considered to have emerged when they are accepted by others and are perceived
to have influence.
Leadership is about creating change; establishing a direction, aligning people through
empowerment, and motivating and inspiring them toward producing useful change
and achieving the vision.
Management is about controlling complexity in an effort to bring order and consistency. Planning
and budgeting, organizing and staffing, problem solving, and controlling complexity
to produce predictability and order.
Leadership Values Caring, integrity, diversity, excellence.
Caring promoting health, healing, and hope in response to the human condition
Integrity respecting the dignity and moral wholeness of every person without conditions or
limitation
Diversity affirming the uniqueness of and differences among persons, ideas, values, and
ethnicities
Excellence creating and implementing transformative strategies with daring ingenuity
3 Fundamental Qualities of Effective Leaders Guiding vision, passion, and integrity.
Behavioral Approach Kurt Lewin, Iowa State University, Conveyed information about 3 leadership styles
that are still widely recognized today. Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire.
Autocratic Leadership involves centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using
power to command and control others. Associated with high-performing groups, but
close supervision necessary, and feelings of hostility often present.
Democratic Leadership is participatory, with authority delegated to others. To be influential, they use expert
power and the power base afforded by having close, personal relationships.
Engendered positive feelings in their groups, and performance was strong whether
or not the leader was present.
Laissez-Faire Leadership is passive and permissive and the leader defers decision making. Associated with
low productivity and feelings of frustration.