,Schizophrenia,.(positive,.symptoms):,.Hallucinations,.De
lusions,.(bizarre,,.persecutory)
Disorganized,.thought,.
Perception,.disturbances,
.Inappropriate,.emotion
s
2. Schizophrenia,.(negative,.symptoms):,.Blunted,.emotions,.(flat,.attect),.A
nhedonia
Lack,.of,.feeling
3. Schizophrenia:,.Cognition:,.New,.learning,.
Memory
Trouble,.focusing
4. Schizophrenia:,.Mood,.symptoms:,.Loss,.of,.motivation,.
Social,.withdrawal
Insight,.Demoralizatio
n,.Suicide
5. Schizophrenia:,.Dopamine,.Hypothesis:,.-
Reduced,.dopamine,.activity,.in,.mesocortical,.dopamine,.pathway,.may,.be,.associated,.with,.negative,.and,.co
gnitive,.symptoms,.of,.schizophrenia
-An,.abnormality,.in,.DA,.function,.has,.been,.detected,.in,.patients,.with,.schizophrenia
-A,.reduction,.in,.cortical,.dopamine,.transmission,.(both,.pre,.and,.post,.synaptic,.level)
-Hyperactivity,.of,.dopamine,.neurons,.in,.the,.mesolimbic,.pathway,.may,.lead,.to,.positive,.symptoms
-several,.drugs,.(amphetamines,,.cocaine,,.cannabis),.have,.been,.linked,.to,.psychosis
-drugs,.that,.stimulate,.DA,.receptors,.can,.cause,.psychotic,.symptoms
-early,.antipsychotics,.blocked,.D2,.receptors
-Early,.AP,.also,.cause,.parkinsonnism,.symptoms,.themselves,.caused,.by,.deficiencies,.in,.DA
, 6. Relevant,. Dopamine,. pathways:,. 1),.Nigrastriatal,.DA,.pathway
-
projects,.from,.the,.substantia,.nigra,.of,.the,.brain,.stem,.to,.the,.basal,.ganglia,.and,.is,.part,.of,.the,.extrapyramidal,.nervous,.sy
stem
2) Mesolimbic,.DA,.pathwway
-projects,.from,.the,.ventral,.tegmental,.area,.of,.the,.brain,.to,.the,.limbic,.system.,.Plays,.a,.role,.in,.emotional,.behavior
3) Mesocortical, . DA, . pathway
-projects,.from,.the,.ventral,.tegmental,.area,.of,.the,.brain,.all,.the,.way,.to,.the,.cerebral,.cortex.,.Plays,.a,.role,.in,.cognition.
4) Tuberoinfundibular,.DA,.pathway
-projects,.from,.the,.hypothalamus,.to,.the,.pituitary,.and,.governs,.prolactin,.release
7. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Target,.symptoms:,.Psychosis,.(alteration,.in,.thought,.process,.
and/or,.content)
8. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.types:,.typical,.
atypical
9. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Absorption:,.variable,.with,.oral,.administration,.30-
60,.minutes;,.IM,.administration,.less,.variable,.(avoid,.first-pass,.ettects);,.long-
acting,.preparations,.(IM,.injection,.every,.2,.to,.4,.weeks)
-when,.immobile,,.less,.absorption
10. Antipsychotic , . medications:, . Metabolism:, . liver
11. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Excretion:,.slow;,.half-
life,.of,.24,.hours,.and,.metabolites,.with,.longer,.half-lives;,.high,.lipid,.solubility
-accumulates,.in,.fatty,.tissues
12. Typical, . Antipsychotics:, . -also,.known,.as,.conventional,.or,.1st,.generation
-complex,. MOA
-used,.as,.early,.treatments,.of,.schizophrenia,.and,.other,.psychotic,.disorders
lusions,.(bizarre,,.persecutory)
Disorganized,.thought,.
Perception,.disturbances,
.Inappropriate,.emotion
s
2. Schizophrenia,.(negative,.symptoms):,.Blunted,.emotions,.(flat,.attect),.A
nhedonia
Lack,.of,.feeling
3. Schizophrenia:,.Cognition:,.New,.learning,.
Memory
Trouble,.focusing
4. Schizophrenia:,.Mood,.symptoms:,.Loss,.of,.motivation,.
Social,.withdrawal
Insight,.Demoralizatio
n,.Suicide
5. Schizophrenia:,.Dopamine,.Hypothesis:,.-
Reduced,.dopamine,.activity,.in,.mesocortical,.dopamine,.pathway,.may,.be,.associated,.with,.negative,.and,.co
gnitive,.symptoms,.of,.schizophrenia
-An,.abnormality,.in,.DA,.function,.has,.been,.detected,.in,.patients,.with,.schizophrenia
-A,.reduction,.in,.cortical,.dopamine,.transmission,.(both,.pre,.and,.post,.synaptic,.level)
-Hyperactivity,.of,.dopamine,.neurons,.in,.the,.mesolimbic,.pathway,.may,.lead,.to,.positive,.symptoms
-several,.drugs,.(amphetamines,,.cocaine,,.cannabis),.have,.been,.linked,.to,.psychosis
-drugs,.that,.stimulate,.DA,.receptors,.can,.cause,.psychotic,.symptoms
-early,.antipsychotics,.blocked,.D2,.receptors
-Early,.AP,.also,.cause,.parkinsonnism,.symptoms,.themselves,.caused,.by,.deficiencies,.in,.DA
, 6. Relevant,. Dopamine,. pathways:,. 1),.Nigrastriatal,.DA,.pathway
-
projects,.from,.the,.substantia,.nigra,.of,.the,.brain,.stem,.to,.the,.basal,.ganglia,.and,.is,.part,.of,.the,.extrapyramidal,.nervous,.sy
stem
2) Mesolimbic,.DA,.pathwway
-projects,.from,.the,.ventral,.tegmental,.area,.of,.the,.brain,.to,.the,.limbic,.system.,.Plays,.a,.role,.in,.emotional,.behavior
3) Mesocortical, . DA, . pathway
-projects,.from,.the,.ventral,.tegmental,.area,.of,.the,.brain,.all,.the,.way,.to,.the,.cerebral,.cortex.,.Plays,.a,.role,.in,.cognition.
4) Tuberoinfundibular,.DA,.pathway
-projects,.from,.the,.hypothalamus,.to,.the,.pituitary,.and,.governs,.prolactin,.release
7. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Target,.symptoms:,.Psychosis,.(alteration,.in,.thought,.process,.
and/or,.content)
8. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.types:,.typical,.
atypical
9. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Absorption:,.variable,.with,.oral,.administration,.30-
60,.minutes;,.IM,.administration,.less,.variable,.(avoid,.first-pass,.ettects);,.long-
acting,.preparations,.(IM,.injection,.every,.2,.to,.4,.weeks)
-when,.immobile,,.less,.absorption
10. Antipsychotic , . medications:, . Metabolism:, . liver
11. Antipsychotic,.medications:,.Excretion:,.slow;,.half-
life,.of,.24,.hours,.and,.metabolites,.with,.longer,.half-lives;,.high,.lipid,.solubility
-accumulates,.in,.fatty,.tissues
12. Typical, . Antipsychotics:, . -also,.known,.as,.conventional,.or,.1st,.generation
-complex,. MOA
-used,.as,.early,.treatments,.of,.schizophrenia,.and,.other,.psychotic,.disorders
