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1. 1 kilogram (kg) of solid X at 10°C and 1 kg of solid Y at 10°C each
absorb 5 joules of heat energy. The final temperatures of X and Y are
15°C and 20°C, respectively. Compared to X, Y must have a lower:
Specific heat
Conductive heat
Heat of fusion
Heat of vaporization
1
, Correct Answer✅: : Specific heat
Rationale: Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a
substance. Because substance Y experienced a larger temperature change ($10^\circ\text{C}
$) than substance X ($5^\circ\text{C}$) from the exact same amount of energy, Y requires
less energy to heat up.
2. A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide ($\text{NH}_4\text{OH}$) is
placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming
paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the
paramecia will be observed?
They will eventually all swim toward the ammonium hydroxide.
They will show no net change in behavior to the ammonium hydroxide.
They will all be instantly killed by the ammonium hydroxide.
They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide.
Correct Answer✅: : They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide.
Rationale: Paramecia demonstrate a negative chemotaxis response to harmful or toxic
chemicals. Ammonium hydroxide is strong and hazardous, causing the organisms to swim
away to survive.
3. A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is
to:
Do a Mantoux test.
Do a Dick test.
Use a Breathalyzer.
Inspect the size of the pupils.
Correct Answer✅: : Use a Breathalyzer.
Rationale: A Breathalyzer measures the concentration of alcohol vapor in exhaled breath.
This value directly correlates to the subject's blood alcohol concentration (BAC).
4. A physician measures the pulse and blood pressure (BP) of all
patients on a routine basis. Which of these measurements show the
normal BP values for a resting adult patient?
125/95 mm Hg
120/80 mm Hg
100/80 mm Hg
72/120 mm Hg
Correct Answer✅: : 120/80 mm Hg
Rationale: A reading of 120/80 mm Hg represents standard healthy adult blood pressure. The
top number is systolic pressure, and the bottom number is diastolic pressure.
2
, 5. A woman suddenly chokes on a piece of food and clutches
frantically at her throat. An immediate remedy is to:
Have her bend forward and tell her to cough.
Insert a finger or a blunt object toward the back of the mouth.
Apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just beneath her diaphragm.
Phone "emergency" for help.
Correct Answer✅: : Apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just beneath
her diaphragm.
Rationale: This physical motion is known as the Heimlich maneuver. It forces air upward
out of the lungs to dislodge foreign obstructions from the airway.
6. An unknown gas is more dense than air, does not support
combustion, and turns a limewater solution cloudy. This gas is most
probably:
Ammonia
Methane
Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen
Correct Answer✅: : Carbon dioxide
Rationale: Carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) is heavier than air and naturally extinguishes
fire. It chemically reacts with limewater to form insoluble calcium carbonate, turning the
liquid cloudy.
7. If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these
conditions would most likely result?
Inability to remember.
Difficulty in breathing.
Inability to speak.
Blurred vision.
Correct Answer✅: : Difficulty in breathing.
Rationale: The medulla oblongata coordinates autonomic vital life functions. It controls
involuntary processes like breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
8. In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the
physician to:
Examine the impulses of the specialized muscle cells of the heart.
3