WSET DIPLOMA D1 EXAM SCRIPT
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ describe cordon training
Answer: - typically a trunk and one or more permanent horizontal
arms of permanent wood cordons
- usually spur-pruned
- takes longer to establish than head training due to the amount of
permanent wood
◉ define spur pruning
Answer: short sections of one-year-old wood (the shoots from the
last growing season that have lignified) that have been cut back to
only two or three buds
- can either be distributed along a cordon (cordon training) or
around the top of the trunk (head training)
- easier to carry out than replacement cane pruning and can often
be mechanized
◉ define replacement cane pruning
Answer: - longer sections of one-year-old wood with anything
between 8 and 20 buds, typically laid down horizontally and need
tying to a trellis for support and positioning
- more complex than spur pruning and requires a skilled labor
force to pick suitable canes and train them
,◉ what are the benefits and detriments of untrellised vines?
Answer: - simple & inexpensive, provides shade
- not possible to mechanize, canopy can become too dense
◉ what are the two types of frosts?
Answer: - advective: large volumes of cold air moving in from very
cold areas
- radiative: heat being lost on still, cool nights, Windless nights
will allow a layer of freezing cold air to develop just above the
surface of the soil
◉ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage in advance?
Answer: - site selection
- delaying pruning
- late-budding varieties
- high training
- bare soils between the vines
◉ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage when frost
threatens?
Answer: - sprinklers
- turbines
- heaters
, ◉ how do growers deal with hail?
Answer: - cloud rockets
- nets
- diversity of sites
- insurance
◉ how can winemakers deal with smoke taint?
Answer: - analysis pre-harvest
- gentle handling of grapes
- low fermentation Temp
- flash detente, reverse osmosis
- blending with unaffected wines
◉ what are the symptoms of phylloxera infestation?
Answer: - Vines die of drought in patches that increase in size year
by year
- Vine roots are covered with the insects surrounded by yellow
eggs
- Swellings on older roots
- Pale green leaf galls on the under-surface of the leaves
- Slow, stunted shoot growth and leaf yellowing appears in around
3 years, the plant dies after around 5 years
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
◉ describe cordon training
Answer: - typically a trunk and one or more permanent horizontal
arms of permanent wood cordons
- usually spur-pruned
- takes longer to establish than head training due to the amount of
permanent wood
◉ define spur pruning
Answer: short sections of one-year-old wood (the shoots from the
last growing season that have lignified) that have been cut back to
only two or three buds
- can either be distributed along a cordon (cordon training) or
around the top of the trunk (head training)
- easier to carry out than replacement cane pruning and can often
be mechanized
◉ define replacement cane pruning
Answer: - longer sections of one-year-old wood with anything
between 8 and 20 buds, typically laid down horizontally and need
tying to a trellis for support and positioning
- more complex than spur pruning and requires a skilled labor
force to pick suitable canes and train them
,◉ what are the benefits and detriments of untrellised vines?
Answer: - simple & inexpensive, provides shade
- not possible to mechanize, canopy can become too dense
◉ what are the two types of frosts?
Answer: - advective: large volumes of cold air moving in from very
cold areas
- radiative: heat being lost on still, cool nights, Windless nights
will allow a layer of freezing cold air to develop just above the
surface of the soil
◉ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage in advance?
Answer: - site selection
- delaying pruning
- late-budding varieties
- high training
- bare soils between the vines
◉ how do growers reduce the risk of frost damage when frost
threatens?
Answer: - sprinklers
- turbines
- heaters
, ◉ how do growers deal with hail?
Answer: - cloud rockets
- nets
- diversity of sites
- insurance
◉ how can winemakers deal with smoke taint?
Answer: - analysis pre-harvest
- gentle handling of grapes
- low fermentation Temp
- flash detente, reverse osmosis
- blending with unaffected wines
◉ what are the symptoms of phylloxera infestation?
Answer: - Vines die of drought in patches that increase in size year
by year
- Vine roots are covered with the insects surrounded by yellow
eggs
- Swellings on older roots
- Pale green leaf galls on the under-surface of the leaves
- Slow, stunted shoot growth and leaf yellowing appears in around
3 years, the plant dies after around 5 years
