WSET DIPLOMA D1 COMPREHENSIVE
TEST PAPER WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
◉ what is the ideal temp range for fruit set?
Answer: 26-32C
◉ what factors affect temp and sunshine levels?
Answer: - latitude
- altitude (& diurnal range)
- slope, aspect
- proximity to water
- wind
- soil characteristics
- mist, fog, clouds
◉ temp falls by ________ for every 100 m increase in altitude
Answer: 0.6C/1.1F
◉ Generally, the vine needs a minimum of ______ mm of rainfall per
year in cool climates and at least ______ mm in warm regions
Answer: 500
750
,◉ what does water do for vines?
Answer: - provides turgidity
- photosynthesis
- temp regulation
- acts as a solvent for nutrients in the soil
- medium in which all of the vine's biochemical and physiological
mechanisms take place
◉ lack of water resulting in closing of stomata can have what
effects on vines?
Answer: - help conserve water
- reduce or stop photosynthesis (lack of CO2 entering vines)
- slows growth and ripening
◉ why are waterlogged soils problematic for vines?
Answer: reduce O2 availability to roots, slow root growth
◉ what is evapotranspiration?
Answer: evaporation from the soil + vine combined
◉ why do vines need nitrogen? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - essential for growth
,- component of proteins, chlorophyll
- too much: increased vegetative growth
- too little: yellowing of leaves
- restricted: higher quality grapes
◉ why do vines need potassium? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - essential for growth
- helps regulate water flow
- too much: inhibits uptake of magnesium (lower yield, poor
ripening)
- high: high levels in grapes, linked to high pH
- low: low sugar accumulation, reduced yield, poor growth
◉ why do vines need phosphorous? what are the effects of too
little?
Answer: - important for photosynthesis
- low: poorly developed root systems, reduced vine growth, lower
yield
◉ why do vines need calcium? what are the effects of too little?
Answer: - needed for structure of cells, photosynthesis
- low: poor fruit set
, ◉ why do vines need magnesium? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - found in chlorophyll
- low: reduced yield, poor ripening
◉ how does soil pH affect nutrient availability?
Answer: Different nutrients become more or less available at
different pH levels. For example, iron is poorly available in soils
with high pH (e.g. soils with a high proportion of calcium
carbonate such as limestone) and this can cause chlorosis.
◉ define climate
Answer: the annual pattern of temperature, sunlight, rainfall,
humidity and wind averaged out over several years (30 years in
the timescale generally agreed)
◉ define the GDD model
Answer: - For Celsius, subtract 10 (the temperature in Celsius
below which vines cannot grow) from the average mean
temperature of a month in the growing season. For Fahrenheit,
subtract 50 (the temperature in Fahrenheit below which vines
cannot grow) from the average mean temperature (in Fahrenheit)
of a month in the growing season.
- multiply this by the number of days in that month
- make the same calculation for each month in the growing season
(April to October in the Northern Hemisphere, October to April in
TEST PAPER WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
◉ what is the ideal temp range for fruit set?
Answer: 26-32C
◉ what factors affect temp and sunshine levels?
Answer: - latitude
- altitude (& diurnal range)
- slope, aspect
- proximity to water
- wind
- soil characteristics
- mist, fog, clouds
◉ temp falls by ________ for every 100 m increase in altitude
Answer: 0.6C/1.1F
◉ Generally, the vine needs a minimum of ______ mm of rainfall per
year in cool climates and at least ______ mm in warm regions
Answer: 500
750
,◉ what does water do for vines?
Answer: - provides turgidity
- photosynthesis
- temp regulation
- acts as a solvent for nutrients in the soil
- medium in which all of the vine's biochemical and physiological
mechanisms take place
◉ lack of water resulting in closing of stomata can have what
effects on vines?
Answer: - help conserve water
- reduce or stop photosynthesis (lack of CO2 entering vines)
- slows growth and ripening
◉ why are waterlogged soils problematic for vines?
Answer: reduce O2 availability to roots, slow root growth
◉ what is evapotranspiration?
Answer: evaporation from the soil + vine combined
◉ why do vines need nitrogen? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - essential for growth
,- component of proteins, chlorophyll
- too much: increased vegetative growth
- too little: yellowing of leaves
- restricted: higher quality grapes
◉ why do vines need potassium? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - essential for growth
- helps regulate water flow
- too much: inhibits uptake of magnesium (lower yield, poor
ripening)
- high: high levels in grapes, linked to high pH
- low: low sugar accumulation, reduced yield, poor growth
◉ why do vines need phosphorous? what are the effects of too
little?
Answer: - important for photosynthesis
- low: poorly developed root systems, reduced vine growth, lower
yield
◉ why do vines need calcium? what are the effects of too little?
Answer: - needed for structure of cells, photosynthesis
- low: poor fruit set
, ◉ why do vines need magnesium? what are the effects of too
much/too little?
Answer: - found in chlorophyll
- low: reduced yield, poor ripening
◉ how does soil pH affect nutrient availability?
Answer: Different nutrients become more or less available at
different pH levels. For example, iron is poorly available in soils
with high pH (e.g. soils with a high proportion of calcium
carbonate such as limestone) and this can cause chlorosis.
◉ define climate
Answer: the annual pattern of temperature, sunlight, rainfall,
humidity and wind averaged out over several years (30 years in
the timescale generally agreed)
◉ define the GDD model
Answer: - For Celsius, subtract 10 (the temperature in Celsius
below which vines cannot grow) from the average mean
temperature of a month in the growing season. For Fahrenheit,
subtract 50 (the temperature in Fahrenheit below which vines
cannot grow) from the average mean temperature (in Fahrenheit)
of a month in the growing season.
- multiply this by the number of days in that month
- make the same calculation for each month in the growing season
(April to October in the Northern Hemisphere, October to April in
