NR507 NR 507 MIDTERM EXAM
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 2.
Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter
tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed
by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference.
Answer: Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an antigen on the
cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside
the cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids and then
the complex is distributed into tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples.
Answer: Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue
damage
◉ Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune
response.
Answer: rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
◉ Autoimmunity.
Answer: Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members
may have other disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity
reactions that include autoimmune or allergic reactions
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
2026 CLINICAL SCRIPT SOLVED
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS A+
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 2.
Answer: Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
Primary effector cells: Macrophages
Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter
tissue)
Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)- Severe
transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed
by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference.
Answer: Type 2: Organ-specific, the antibody binds to an antigen on the
cell surface
Type 3: Not organ-specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside
the cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids and then
the complex is distributed into tissues
◉ Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples.
Answer: Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/antibodies are deposited in the
joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue
damage
◉ Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune
response.
Answer: rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
photosensitivity
oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis
serositis
renal disorder (proteinuria)
neurologic disorders (seizures)
antinuclear antibody (ANA)
◉ Autoimmunity.
Answer: Familial
Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members
may have other disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity
reactions that include autoimmune or allergic reactions
