NUR 155
FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review
UPDATE
50 Multiple-Choice Questions
Complete Answers with Detailed Rationales
Aligned with Nursing Foundations & Med-Surg Standards
Galen College of Nursing
For academic study and exam review • Verify with current course materials
,NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review 2026 | 2026/2027
How to Use This Review
This comprehensive exam review contains high-yield multiple-choice questions. Each item includes the correct answer
and an expanded rationale explaining the underlying principle, why the correct option is preferred, and why distractors are
incorrect. Study tip: Attempt each question before reading the answer, then carefully review the rationale.
Page 2
, NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review 2026 | 2026/2027
Question 1
A nurse is preparing a client for an elective cholecystectomy. The client asks, ‘Why do I need to stop eating at
midnight?’ Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. It reduces the risk of aspiration of stomach contents during anesthesia.
B. It prevents the formation of gas during the surgical procedure.
C. It ensures the gallbladder is empty and easy to visualize.
D. It prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting immediately after waking.
Answer: A
Rationale
NPO (nothing by mouth) status before surgery is primarily to prevent aspiration pneumonia, which can occur if the client
vomits while their protective airway reflexes are suppressed by anesthesia. Understanding this concept is essential for safe
clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often reflect common misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the
primary process and anticipated complications.
Question 2
Which clinical manifestation is the earliest sign of Malignant Hyperthermia during a surgical procedure?
A. Rapid rise in body temperature to 105 degrees F
B. Unexplained tachycardia and tachypnea
C. Generalized muscle rigidity
D. Cyanosis and skin mottling
Answer: B
Rationale
Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia. An elevated temperature is a late sign of this life-threatening
anesthetic complication. Understanding this concept is essential for safe clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often
reflect common misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the primary process and anticipated complications.
Question 3
A patient reports sharp, localized pain in the right lower quadrant that increases with movement. How should the nurse
classify this type of pain?
A. Visceral pain
B. Psychogenic pain
C. Neuropathic pain
D. Somatic pain
Answer: D
Rationale
Somatic pain arises from receptors in the skin, muscles, joints, or bones and is typically well-localized and described as sharp
or aching. Understanding this concept is essential for safe clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often reflect common
misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the primary process and anticipated complications.
Page 3
FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING
NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review
UPDATE
50 Multiple-Choice Questions
Complete Answers with Detailed Rationales
Aligned with Nursing Foundations & Med-Surg Standards
Galen College of Nursing
For academic study and exam review • Verify with current course materials
,NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review 2026 | 2026/2027
How to Use This Review
This comprehensive exam review contains high-yield multiple-choice questions. Each item includes the correct answer
and an expanded rationale explaining the underlying principle, why the correct option is preferred, and why distractors are
incorrect. Study tip: Attempt each question before reading the answer, then carefully review the rationale.
Page 2
, NUR 155 Foundations of Nursing - Exam 4 Comprehensive Review 2026 | 2026/2027
Question 1
A nurse is preparing a client for an elective cholecystectomy. The client asks, ‘Why do I need to stop eating at
midnight?’ Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
A. It reduces the risk of aspiration of stomach contents during anesthesia.
B. It prevents the formation of gas during the surgical procedure.
C. It ensures the gallbladder is empty and easy to visualize.
D. It prevents post-operative nausea and vomiting immediately after waking.
Answer: A
Rationale
NPO (nothing by mouth) status before surgery is primarily to prevent aspiration pneumonia, which can occur if the client
vomits while their protective airway reflexes are suppressed by anesthesia. Understanding this concept is essential for safe
clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often reflect common misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the
primary process and anticipated complications.
Question 2
Which clinical manifestation is the earliest sign of Malignant Hyperthermia during a surgical procedure?
A. Rapid rise in body temperature to 105 degrees F
B. Unexplained tachycardia and tachypnea
C. Generalized muscle rigidity
D. Cyanosis and skin mottling
Answer: B
Rationale
Tachycardia is often the earliest sign of malignant hyperthermia. An elevated temperature is a late sign of this life-threatening
anesthetic complication. Understanding this concept is essential for safe clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often
reflect common misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the primary process and anticipated complications.
Question 3
A patient reports sharp, localized pain in the right lower quadrant that increases with movement. How should the nurse
classify this type of pain?
A. Visceral pain
B. Psychogenic pain
C. Neuropathic pain
D. Somatic pain
Answer: D
Rationale
Somatic pain arises from receptors in the skin, muscles, joints, or bones and is typically well-localized and described as sharp
or aching. Understanding this concept is essential for safe clinical decision-making. Incorrect choices often reflect common
misconceptions. Always link assessment findings to the primary process and anticipated complications.
Page 3
