1
Walden University NURS 6551OB
Midterm Exam
Questions 1–180 | Primary Care of Women | Latest Update 2023 | 100% Pass Guaranteed |
Graded A+
1. How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?
A. They cause an imbalance in platelet aggregation.
B. They result in an inability to adequately clear estrogen from the body.
C. They cause thyroid dysfunction, which leads to bleeding abnormalities.
D. They result in elevated prolactin levels, which lead to bleeding abnormalities.
Correct answer: B
Explanation: Liver and renal diseases can impair the body's ability to metabolize and clear
estrogen, leading to elevated estrogen levels. This hormonal imbalance can cause abnormal
uterine bleeding. Option A is incorrect because platelet aggregation disorders are typically
related to hematologic conditions. Option C is incorrect because thyroid dysfunction is a
separate cause of AUB. Option D is incorrect because elevated prolactin is associated with
other conditions such as prolactinomas .
2. What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer?
A. PCOS
B. Vulvar cancer
C. Herpes simplex
D. HPV
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as the most important
causative agent in cervical cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of
cervical cancer cases. PCOS, vulvar cancer, and herpes simplex are not causative agents for
cervical cancer .
3. An initial or primary genital herpes infection characteristically lasts about:
, 2
A. 1 week
B. 3 weeks
C. 1 month
D. 6 weeks
Correct answer: B
Explanation: An initial or primary genital herpes infection typically lasts approximately 3
weeks. The lesions may take 1-3 weeks to heal completely. Shorter durations (1 week) are
more typical of recurrent episodes, while longer durations (1 month or 6 weeks) exceed the
expected course of a primary infection .
4. Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates?
A. None
B. Some
C. All
D. All except sterilization
Correct answer: C
Explanation: All contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates, including sterilization,
although some methods are more effective than others. Even tubal sterilization has a small
failure rate. No contraceptive method is 100% effective. Option D is incorrect because
sterilization also has a failure rate, albeit very low .
5. Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID)?
A. They have the highest risk for bacterial vaginosis.
B. They are the least at risk for developing other STIs.
C. They are the most sexually active.
D. They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.
Correct answer: A
Explanation: Adolescents have the highest risk for bacterial vaginosis, which is a risk factor
for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). While adolescents may have higher rates of
sexual activity, this alone does not explain the increased PID risk. They are not at decreased
risk for other STIs, and decreased immunity is not the primary reason for their elevated PID
risk .
, 3
6. Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and
decreased secretion of:
A. Estrogen
B. Prolactin
C. Progesterone
D. GnRH
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Exercise-induced amenorrhea is primarily caused by decreased secretion of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This decrease results from
low body fat and energy deficit, which suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
While estrogen and progesterone levels are ultimately affected, the primary cause is
decreased GnRH secretion .
7. What can result from an imbalance in the vaginal flora?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Human papillomavirus
C. Chlamydia
D. Bacterial vaginosis
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Bacterial vaginosis results from an imbalance in the normal vaginal flora,
specifically a reduction in lactobacilli and an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Herpes
simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and Chlamydia are sexually transmitted infections that
do not result from vaginal flora imbalance .
8. The most effective means of obtaining the history of abuse is to use a communication
model that:
A. Avoids having the patient's children present during the discussion
B. Signals someone is interested and that the woman is not alone
C. Emphasizes the belief that violence is not acceptable, no matter what the batterer might
have said to the patient
, 4
D. Allows the patient to talk without interruption and with time to relate, emphasize, and
repeat her full story
Correct answer: D
Explanation: The most effective communication model for obtaining a history of abuse
allows the patient to talk without interruption and with adequate time to relate, emphasize,
and repeat her full story. This patient-centered approach builds trust and facilitates
disclosure. While the other options have merit, allowing uninterrupted narrative is considered
most effective .
9. What is the most common STI in the United States?
A. Gonorrhea
B. Chlamydia
C. Syphilis
D. Herpes simplex virus
Correct answer: B
Explanation: Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United
States, with millions of new cases reported annually. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes simplex
virus are also common but less prevalent than chlamydia .
10. Progestin-only pills (POPs):
A. Have no possible side effects
B. Suppress ovulation as reliably as COCs
C. May be taken earlier or later than prescribed
D. In combination with lactation are nearly 100% effective
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Progestin-only pills (POPs) in combination with lactation are nearly 100%
effective. POPs do not suppress ovulation as reliably as combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
and require strict adherence to the same time each day. They do have possible side effects,
including irregular bleeding .
11. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the presence of a disease state:
Walden University NURS 6551OB
Midterm Exam
Questions 1–180 | Primary Care of Women | Latest Update 2023 | 100% Pass Guaranteed |
Graded A+
1. How can liver and renal diseases result in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)?
A. They cause an imbalance in platelet aggregation.
B. They result in an inability to adequately clear estrogen from the body.
C. They cause thyroid dysfunction, which leads to bleeding abnormalities.
D. They result in elevated prolactin levels, which lead to bleeding abnormalities.
Correct answer: B
Explanation: Liver and renal diseases can impair the body's ability to metabolize and clear
estrogen, leading to elevated estrogen levels. This hormonal imbalance can cause abnormal
uterine bleeding. Option A is incorrect because platelet aggregation disorders are typically
related to hematologic conditions. Option C is incorrect because thyroid dysfunction is a
separate cause of AUB. Option D is incorrect because elevated prolactin is associated with
other conditions such as prolactinomas .
2. What is now thought to be the most important causative agent in cervical cancer?
A. PCOS
B. Vulvar cancer
C. Herpes simplex
D. HPV
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized as the most important
causative agent in cervical cancer. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for the majority of
cervical cancer cases. PCOS, vulvar cancer, and herpes simplex are not causative agents for
cervical cancer .
3. An initial or primary genital herpes infection characteristically lasts about:
, 2
A. 1 week
B. 3 weeks
C. 1 month
D. 6 weeks
Correct answer: B
Explanation: An initial or primary genital herpes infection typically lasts approximately 3
weeks. The lesions may take 1-3 weeks to heal completely. Shorter durations (1 week) are
more typical of recurrent episodes, while longer durations (1 month or 6 weeks) exceed the
expected course of a primary infection .
4. Which contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates?
A. None
B. Some
C. All
D. All except sterilization
Correct answer: C
Explanation: All contraceptive methods have inherent failure rates, including sterilization,
although some methods are more effective than others. Even tubal sterilization has a small
failure rate. No contraceptive method is 100% effective. Option D is incorrect because
sterilization also has a failure rate, albeit very low .
5. Why do adolescents have the highest risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID)?
A. They have the highest risk for bacterial vaginosis.
B. They are the least at risk for developing other STIs.
C. They are the most sexually active.
D. They have decreased immunity to infectious organisms.
Correct answer: A
Explanation: Adolescents have the highest risk for bacterial vaginosis, which is a risk factor
for developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). While adolescents may have higher rates of
sexual activity, this alone does not explain the increased PID risk. They are not at decreased
risk for other STIs, and decreased immunity is not the primary reason for their elevated PID
risk .
, 3
6. Exercise-induced amenorrhea is probably due to the combination of low body fat and
decreased secretion of:
A. Estrogen
B. Prolactin
C. Progesterone
D. GnRH
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Exercise-induced amenorrhea is primarily caused by decreased secretion of
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. This decrease results from
low body fat and energy deficit, which suppresses the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis.
While estrogen and progesterone levels are ultimately affected, the primary cause is
decreased GnRH secretion .
7. What can result from an imbalance in the vaginal flora?
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Human papillomavirus
C. Chlamydia
D. Bacterial vaginosis
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Bacterial vaginosis results from an imbalance in the normal vaginal flora,
specifically a reduction in lactobacilli and an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. Herpes
simplex virus, human papillomavirus, and Chlamydia are sexually transmitted infections that
do not result from vaginal flora imbalance .
8. The most effective means of obtaining the history of abuse is to use a communication
model that:
A. Avoids having the patient's children present during the discussion
B. Signals someone is interested and that the woman is not alone
C. Emphasizes the belief that violence is not acceptable, no matter what the batterer might
have said to the patient
, 4
D. Allows the patient to talk without interruption and with time to relate, emphasize, and
repeat her full story
Correct answer: D
Explanation: The most effective communication model for obtaining a history of abuse
allows the patient to talk without interruption and with adequate time to relate, emphasize,
and repeat her full story. This patient-centered approach builds trust and facilitates
disclosure. While the other options have merit, allowing uninterrupted narrative is considered
most effective .
9. What is the most common STI in the United States?
A. Gonorrhea
B. Chlamydia
C. Syphilis
D. Herpes simplex virus
Correct answer: B
Explanation: Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United
States, with millions of new cases reported annually. Gonorrhea, syphilis, and herpes simplex
virus are also common but less prevalent than chlamydia .
10. Progestin-only pills (POPs):
A. Have no possible side effects
B. Suppress ovulation as reliably as COCs
C. May be taken earlier or later than prescribed
D. In combination with lactation are nearly 100% effective
Correct answer: D
Explanation: Progestin-only pills (POPs) in combination with lactation are nearly 100%
effective. POPs do not suppress ovulation as reliably as combined oral contraceptives (COCs)
and require strict adherence to the same time each day. They do have possible side effects,
including irregular bleeding .
11. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the presence of a disease state:
