Praxis 5005 Elementary
Education 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
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Ethics Study Guide
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Rationales
Included
,Plate tectonics Theory that explains the movement of the continents and changes in the crust
caused by internal forces
Plates Blocks of the crust and upper mantle
Lithosphere Plates of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are broken into the nine large plates
Divergence Creates new oceanic crust when hot mantle rises and separates
Convergence Oceanic crust collides with another plate, making a trench and volcanic activity. OR
2 continent plates collide.
Transform fault When two plates slide past one another
Plate boundaries -spreading apart
-pressing together
-sliding past each other
Rifting Boundaries form between spreading plates where the crust is forced apart in mid-
ocean ridges. On land it creates ocean basins
Subduction Ocean and continental crust collide and the ocean crust slides under into the mantle
Dry Air components Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide
Atmosphere layers Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
,Troposphere Closest to surface
Weather occurs here
Temp decreases with increasing altitude
Stratosphere Little water
Ozone layer
Mesophere Coldest layer
Air temp decreases with increasing altitude
Thermosphere Temp increases with increasing altitude
Ionosphere
Exosphere
Ionosphere Gases that give off light and glow in the sjy
Exosphere Layers held together by magnetic pull
Composition of mountains Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary ricks
Folded mountains Crust movements press horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks together from the
sides, making wavelike folds
Alps, Himalayas
Fault-block mountains USA southwest
Like an ice buckle
Dome mountains Blister with magma underneath
, Upwarped mountains Black Hills of SD
Broad arching of the crust
Processes of forming mountains Folding or faulting
Dip-slip fault Movement of plates is vertical and opposite
Reverse fault Rock above the fault plane move upward
Strike-slip fault Horizontal movement along the fault
Transform fault San Andreas
Large strike-slip along the boundaries of the fault
Oblique-slip fault Both vertical and horizontal movement
Volcanism movement of magma through the crust and its emergence as lava onto the Earth's
surface
Location of active volcanoes Ring of Fire = rim of the Pacific Ocean
Education 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,Plate tectonics Theory that explains the movement of the continents and changes in the crust
caused by internal forces
Plates Blocks of the crust and upper mantle
Lithosphere Plates of Earth's crust and upper mantle that are broken into the nine large plates
Divergence Creates new oceanic crust when hot mantle rises and separates
Convergence Oceanic crust collides with another plate, making a trench and volcanic activity. OR
2 continent plates collide.
Transform fault When two plates slide past one another
Plate boundaries -spreading apart
-pressing together
-sliding past each other
Rifting Boundaries form between spreading plates where the crust is forced apart in mid-
ocean ridges. On land it creates ocean basins
Subduction Ocean and continental crust collide and the ocean crust slides under into the mantle
Dry Air components Nitrogen, Argon, Oxygen, and Carbon Dioxide
Atmosphere layers Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
,Troposphere Closest to surface
Weather occurs here
Temp decreases with increasing altitude
Stratosphere Little water
Ozone layer
Mesophere Coldest layer
Air temp decreases with increasing altitude
Thermosphere Temp increases with increasing altitude
Ionosphere
Exosphere
Ionosphere Gases that give off light and glow in the sjy
Exosphere Layers held together by magnetic pull
Composition of mountains Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary ricks
Folded mountains Crust movements press horizontal layers of sedimentary rocks together from the
sides, making wavelike folds
Alps, Himalayas
Fault-block mountains USA southwest
Like an ice buckle
Dome mountains Blister with magma underneath
, Upwarped mountains Black Hills of SD
Broad arching of the crust
Processes of forming mountains Folding or faulting
Dip-slip fault Movement of plates is vertical and opposite
Reverse fault Rock above the fault plane move upward
Strike-slip fault Horizontal movement along the fault
Transform fault San Andreas
Large strike-slip along the boundaries of the fault
Oblique-slip fault Both vertical and horizontal movement
Volcanism movement of magma through the crust and its emergence as lava onto the Earth's
surface
Location of active volcanoes Ring of Fire = rim of the Pacific Ocean
