Praxis Elementary
Education Multiple
Subjects 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,word consciousness connection between spoken words and printed words
language and conventions of print how to hold a book, where to begin to read, left to right tracking and how to go from
one line to another
functions of print print used for a variety of purposes including entertainment and information
anchor books pairing reading workshops and writing workshops with same book to enhance
literacy
schemata generic information stored in the mind
lexical knowledge one's knowledge of word meanings
orthographic knowledge knowledge of spelling patterns and pronunciations
syntax and contextual information background knowledge children use when encountering an unfamiliar word to
choose a word that makes sense
semantic knowledge background knowledge of a topic
text knowledge knowledge of text to build expectations and to construct a framework of ideas to
build meaning
phonemic awareness the acknowledgement of sounds and words
phonemes the smallest unit of language capable of conveying distinction in meaning
,phonological awareness the ability of the reader to recognize the sounds of spoken language
onset-rime blending everything before the vowel and rime
rime the vowel and everything after it
Five basic types of phonemic awareness tasks 1)Ability to hear rhymes and alliteration
2)Ability to do oddity tasks
3) The ability to orally blend words and split syllables
4) The ability to orally segment words
5)the ability to do phonics manipulation tasks
word analysis process readers use to figure out unfamiliar words based on written patterns
word recognition process of automatically determining the pronunciation and some degree of the
meaning of an unknown word
decoding changing communication signals into messages
encoding changing messages into symbols
phonics method of teaching reading and spelling based on a phonetic interpretation of
ordinary spelling
high-frequency words the words most often used in the English language
sight words words that readers learn to read spontaneously, either because of frequency or lack
of conformity to orthographic rules
keyword method words and illustrations that highlight salient features of meaning. Drawing or
visualizing a picture of the word to enhance understanding.
, pre-phonemic spelling letters stand for a message but do not know the relationship between spelling and
pronunciation
early phonemic spelling usually write first letter correctly, with the rest of the word compromising of
consonants or long vowels
letter-name spelling spell some words consistently and correctly
transitional spelling late elementary school-master short vowel sounds and know some spelling rules.
derivational spelling reaches this stage between high school and adulthood-spelling rules are being
mastered.
WIDA developed new standards and assessments for English language proficiency K-12
pedagogy the ability to recognize sounds, letters, and words by hearing
fluency automatic word recognition which helps achieve comprehension of material
automaticity allows fast and accurate identification of whole words made up of specific letter
patterns
prosody involves intonation and rhythm through syllable accent and punctuation
four basic word types of English orthography 1)Regular, for reading and spelling
2)Regular, for reading but not spelling
3)Rule based
4)Irregular
Three cueing methods for reading fluency and 1)Orthographic awareness
comprehension 2)Semantic cueing
3)Syntactic cueing
Education Multiple
Subjects 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
Answers, Rationales &
Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
,word consciousness connection between spoken words and printed words
language and conventions of print how to hold a book, where to begin to read, left to right tracking and how to go from
one line to another
functions of print print used for a variety of purposes including entertainment and information
anchor books pairing reading workshops and writing workshops with same book to enhance
literacy
schemata generic information stored in the mind
lexical knowledge one's knowledge of word meanings
orthographic knowledge knowledge of spelling patterns and pronunciations
syntax and contextual information background knowledge children use when encountering an unfamiliar word to
choose a word that makes sense
semantic knowledge background knowledge of a topic
text knowledge knowledge of text to build expectations and to construct a framework of ideas to
build meaning
phonemic awareness the acknowledgement of sounds and words
phonemes the smallest unit of language capable of conveying distinction in meaning
,phonological awareness the ability of the reader to recognize the sounds of spoken language
onset-rime blending everything before the vowel and rime
rime the vowel and everything after it
Five basic types of phonemic awareness tasks 1)Ability to hear rhymes and alliteration
2)Ability to do oddity tasks
3) The ability to orally blend words and split syllables
4) The ability to orally segment words
5)the ability to do phonics manipulation tasks
word analysis process readers use to figure out unfamiliar words based on written patterns
word recognition process of automatically determining the pronunciation and some degree of the
meaning of an unknown word
decoding changing communication signals into messages
encoding changing messages into symbols
phonics method of teaching reading and spelling based on a phonetic interpretation of
ordinary spelling
high-frequency words the words most often used in the English language
sight words words that readers learn to read spontaneously, either because of frequency or lack
of conformity to orthographic rules
keyword method words and illustrations that highlight salient features of meaning. Drawing or
visualizing a picture of the word to enhance understanding.
, pre-phonemic spelling letters stand for a message but do not know the relationship between spelling and
pronunciation
early phonemic spelling usually write first letter correctly, with the rest of the word compromising of
consonants or long vowels
letter-name spelling spell some words consistently and correctly
transitional spelling late elementary school-master short vowel sounds and know some spelling rules.
derivational spelling reaches this stage between high school and adulthood-spelling rules are being
mastered.
WIDA developed new standards and assessments for English language proficiency K-12
pedagogy the ability to recognize sounds, letters, and words by hearing
fluency automatic word recognition which helps achieve comprehension of material
automaticity allows fast and accurate identification of whole words made up of specific letter
patterns
prosody involves intonation and rhythm through syllable accent and punctuation
four basic word types of English orthography 1)Regular, for reading and spelling
2)Regular, for reading but not spelling
3)Rule based
4)Irregular
Three cueing methods for reading fluency and 1)Orthographic awareness
comprehension 2)Semantic cueing
3)Syntactic cueing
