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NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology — William
Paterson University Modules 1–7 Quizzes & Cumulative
Final Exam: Question Practice Bank with Verified
Answers & Detailed Rationales
Course: NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology (3 credits)
Institution: William Paterson University — College of Science
and Health, Department of Nursing
Required Text: McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., &
Rote, N. S. (2019/2023). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for
disease in adults and children (8th/9th ed.). Mosby Elsevier
Exam Format: Multiple-choice and select-all-that-apply (SATA)
questions with detailed rationales. The course consists of 7
modules, each with a quiz, culminating in a cumulative final
exam.
MODULE 1: Concepts and Alterations of Immunity and Cancer
Biology
1.1 Which of the following are considered systemic
manifestations of inflammation?
A. Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
B. Fever, leukocytosis, and elevated acute-phase proteins
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C. Necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis
D. Thrombosis, embolism, and ischemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic (whole-body) manifestations of
inflammation include fever, leukocytosis, and increased acute-
phase plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and
fibrinogen. Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are local cardinal
signs of inflammation, not systemic effects. Necrosis, apoptosis,
and fibrosis are cellular outcomes, and
thrombosis/embolism/ischemia are vascular events.
1.2 The healthcare professional teaches a group of seniors that
the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is
which of these?
A. Pathologic fracture
B. Bone pain
C. Muscle strain
D. Bone deformity
Answer: D
Rationale: Bone deformity (e.g., kyphosis, loss of height) is the
most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis. Pathologic
fracture occurs but is not the most common presentation; bone
pain and muscle strain are nonspecific and not hallmark
findings.
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1.3 Which antibody class is responsible for binding to mast cells
and triggering immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. Cytotropic IgE
D. IgA
Answer: C
Rationale: Cytotropic IgE binds to high-affinity FcεRI receptors
on mast cells and basophils. Cross-linking of IgE by antigen
triggers degranulation and release of histamine and other
mediators, producing immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity
reactions. IgG and IgM are involved in other immune functions;
IgA provides mucosal immunity.
1.4 Which term describes an agent’s ability to produce disease?
A. Virulence
B. Pathogenicity
C. Infectivity
D. Immunogenicity
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenicity is the capacity of a microorganism to
cause disease. Virulence reflects the degree of pathogenicity
(how severe the disease is), while infectivity describes the
ability to enter and replicate in a host. Immunogenicity is the
ability to induce an immune response.
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
1.5 Which are characteristics of cancer-related cachexia?
A. Weight gain and increased appetite
B. Early satiety and altered metabolism
C. Fluid retention and hypertension
D. Bradycardia and hypothermia
Answer: B
Rationale: Cancer-related cachexia is marked by early satiety,
profound weight loss, and altered metabolism (increased
energy expenditure, muscle wasting) despite adequate caloric
intake. It is not simply decreased intake or fluid retention.
1.6 A malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue such as
bone, muscle, or fat is classified as a:
A. Carcinoma
B. Sarcoma
C. Lymphoma
D. Adenoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcomas are malignant tumors arising from
mesenchymal tissues (bone, muscle, fat, connective tissue).
Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissue. Lymphomas arise from
lymphoid tissue. Adenomas are benign glandular tumors.
1.7 Which statement is true regarding basal cell carcinoma
(BCC)?
A. BCC is most commonly found on the trunk and lower limbs
NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology — William
Paterson University Modules 1–7 Quizzes & Cumulative
Final Exam: Question Practice Bank with Verified
Answers & Detailed Rationales
Course: NUR 5461 Advanced Pathophysiology (3 credits)
Institution: William Paterson University — College of Science
and Health, Department of Nursing
Required Text: McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E., Brashers, V. L., &
Rote, N. S. (2019/2023). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for
disease in adults and children (8th/9th ed.). Mosby Elsevier
Exam Format: Multiple-choice and select-all-that-apply (SATA)
questions with detailed rationales. The course consists of 7
modules, each with a quiz, culminating in a cumulative final
exam.
MODULE 1: Concepts and Alterations of Immunity and Cancer
Biology
1.1 Which of the following are considered systemic
manifestations of inflammation?
A. Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
B. Fever, leukocytosis, and elevated acute-phase proteins
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
C. Necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis
D. Thrombosis, embolism, and ischemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Systemic (whole-body) manifestations of
inflammation include fever, leukocytosis, and increased acute-
phase plasma proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and
fibrinogen. Redness, heat, swelling, and pain are local cardinal
signs of inflammation, not systemic effects. Necrosis, apoptosis,
and fibrosis are cellular outcomes, and
thrombosis/embolism/ischemia are vascular events.
1.2 The healthcare professional teaches a group of seniors that
the most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis is
which of these?
A. Pathologic fracture
B. Bone pain
C. Muscle strain
D. Bone deformity
Answer: D
Rationale: Bone deformity (e.g., kyphosis, loss of height) is the
most common clinical manifestation of osteoporosis. Pathologic
fracture occurs but is not the most common presentation; bone
pain and muscle strain are nonspecific and not hallmark
findings.
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
1.3 Which antibody class is responsible for binding to mast cells
and triggering immediate hypersensitivity reactions?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. Cytotropic IgE
D. IgA
Answer: C
Rationale: Cytotropic IgE binds to high-affinity FcεRI receptors
on mast cells and basophils. Cross-linking of IgE by antigen
triggers degranulation and release of histamine and other
mediators, producing immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity
reactions. IgG and IgM are involved in other immune functions;
IgA provides mucosal immunity.
1.4 Which term describes an agent’s ability to produce disease?
A. Virulence
B. Pathogenicity
C. Infectivity
D. Immunogenicity
Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenicity is the capacity of a microorganism to
cause disease. Virulence reflects the degree of pathogenicity
(how severe the disease is), while infectivity describes the
ability to enter and replicate in a host. Immunogenicity is the
ability to induce an immune response.
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/performance
1.5 Which are characteristics of cancer-related cachexia?
A. Weight gain and increased appetite
B. Early satiety and altered metabolism
C. Fluid retention and hypertension
D. Bradycardia and hypothermia
Answer: B
Rationale: Cancer-related cachexia is marked by early satiety,
profound weight loss, and altered metabolism (increased
energy expenditure, muscle wasting) despite adequate caloric
intake. It is not simply decreased intake or fluid retention.
1.6 A malignant tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue such as
bone, muscle, or fat is classified as a:
A. Carcinoma
B. Sarcoma
C. Lymphoma
D. Adenoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Sarcomas are malignant tumors arising from
mesenchymal tissues (bone, muscle, fat, connective tissue).
Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissue. Lymphomas arise from
lymphoid tissue. Adenomas are benign glandular tumors.
1.7 Which statement is true regarding basal cell carcinoma
(BCC)?
A. BCC is most commonly found on the trunk and lower limbs
