Education: Curriculum,
Instruction, and
Assessment 2026 | Study
Guide, Practice Questions,
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Exam Review | Complete
Ethics Study Guide
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
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Rationales
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,Erikson's psychosocial development (first four) Trust vs. Mistrust: Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Preschool (3 to 5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Industry vs. Inferiority: School Age (6 to 11 years)
Misconceptions Invalid concepts that students construct using their experiences, expectations,
beliefs, and emotions.
Strategies to develop phonic and word-analysis skills to Morphology, syllabication, word building, wor/letter sorts, high-frequency words)
support decoding
Strategies to develop fluency to support comprehension Selecting appropriate text which are at instructional level, modeling fluent reading,
paired reading, echo reading, readers theater, repeated reading
Strategies to for teaching students to ask and answer Use evidence from text, schema, and pictures, to make a prediction about what
questions about text (predictions) might happen next in a text
Strategies for teaching students to find and organize key Plays, think-alouds, graphic organizers
details and main ideas and themes in a text
Scaffolding strategies to support students' progress toward provide access to grade-level texts, purposeful grouping, close reading
independent proficient reading
Primary sources Eyewitness accounts of history. They include letters, diaries, speeches, and
interviews.
Secondary sources Commentaries, summaries, reviews, or interpretation of primary sources to provide
new insights or historical perspectives
Strategies to help students distinguish between primary Example for Web: Keep it REAL - Read the URL, Examine the Content, Ask about
and secondary sources, reliable and unreliable sources, the Author, Look at the links.
and paraphrasing and plagiarizing
Strategies to develop students' ability to determine word Example: In this activity, students use their knowledge of prefixes and suffixes to
meaning and develop vocabularies create new words based on the root words provided. Each worksheet has a total of
three new roots with a word bank for prefixes and suffixes. Students create new
words using a prefix, root, and suffix and then come up with what they think is the
correct defintion. Once this part is completed, students look up the words they have
created and write down the correct dictionary definition and judge how close they
came.
, Develop active listening skills Looks like: Eyes on speaker; Still bodies and hands on lap or table; Appropriate
expressions
Raising your hand to speak
Sounds like: One voice at a time; Appropriate comments and questions; Quiet
bodies; Inside voices; Waiting to be called n to speak
Formative assessment Assessing a student's understanding as you teach a unit. through homework,
observation, in-class activities, journal writing, etc.
Summative assessment Evaluation at the conclusion of a unit. multiple choice, true/false, constructed
response
Properties of operations Rules that help us add, subtract, multiply and divide effectively and efficiently
Scientific method A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a
hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.
Informal and/or authentic science assessment Teacher observation and questioning; journals and/or logs; interviews and
conferences; group and peer assessment; self-assessment; performance-based
samples such as portfolios, project learning, and student work; comparing and
contrasting
Overall purpose of teaching Social Studies Students first learn about themselves, then their families, their communities, their
territory or province, their country, and eventually the world
Overall purpose of teaching Science Helping students discover that a major influence on the culture of society is the
discovery and innovation of science and technology.
Teaching Math in Real-World Contexts Helpful to motivate students and access prior knowledge; Should not be elevated to
a general principal; some math must be taught for math's sake alone; students
should be able to say "this learning will help me do this"
Albert Bandura Social-congnitive; personality comes from observing others and modeling ourselves
after them.