Elementary Education
Comprehensive Exam 2026
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Rationales
Included
, Instructional Strategies for inclusion settings direct, indirect, experiential, independent and interactive
Technology Integration making technologies an integral part of the teaching and learning process that
impacts resources, teacher and student roles, and instructional activities
Formal Assessment Pre-planned, systematic attempt to assess what students have learned.
Informal Assessment Assessment that results from a teacher's spontaneous, day-to-day observations of
how students behave and perform in class.
standardized test a test that is given with uniform procedures for administration and scoring
Developmental Appropriateness Teaching and learning that matches students' physical, cognitive, social, emotional,
and character development.
Developmental Practices DAP focuses on five key areas of early learning practices:
Creating a caring community of learners. ...
Teaching to enhance development and learning. ...
Planning curriculum to achieve important goals. ...
Assessing children's development and learning. ...
Establishing reciprocal relationships with families.
Manipulative use
Constructivism A philosophy of learning based on the premise that people construct their own
understanding of the world they live in through reflection on experiences
Behaviorism the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
social learning process of altering behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others
mathematical proficiency adaptive reasoning, strategic competence, conceptual understanding, productive
disposition, procedural fluency