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, Constructivism Student constructs his or her own learning by using existing knowledge in order to
create new knowledge
Inquiry Based Learning Students are involved in hands-on tasks, are active in discovery and participate in
their own learning. Reasearch shows that students retain knowledge for longer
periods of time this way.
Expository Method Teacher dominate and direct instruction way to teach science
Free-discovery method Child directed instruction. Children create the situations of learning that are
meaningful to them
Guided Inquiry Combines expository and free discovery method. Teacher chooses the topic and
guides the students through experiments and encourage students through inquiry
and open ended questions about the topic.
Human Gardners Nine Intelligences
Visual-Spatial Think in terms of physical space, as do architects and sailors. Very aware of their
environments. They like to draw, do jigsaw puzzles, read maps, daydream. They
can be taught through drawings, verbal and physical imagery. Tools include models,
graphics, charts, photographs, drawings, 3-D modeling, video, videoconferencing,
television, multimedia, texts with pictures/charts/graphs.
Bodily-Kinesthetic Use the body effectively, like a dancer or a surgeon. Keen sense of body
awareness. They like movement, making things, touching. They communicate well
through body language and be taught through physical activity, hands-on learning,
acting out, role playing. Tools include equipment and real objects.
Musical Show sensitivity to rhythm and sound. They love music, but they are also sensitive
to sounds in their environments. They may study better with music in the
background. They can be taught by turning lessons into lyrics, speaking
rhythmically, tapping out time. Tools include musical instruments, music, radio,
stereo, CD-ROM, multimedia.
Interpersonal Understanding, interacting with others. These students learn through interaction.
They have many friends, empathy for others, street smarts. They can be taught
through group activities, seminars, dialogues. Tools include the telephone, audio
conferencing, time and attention from the instructor, video conferencing, writing,
computer conferencing, E-mail.
Intrapersonal Understanding one's own interests, goals. These learners tend to shy away from
others. They're in tune with their inner feelings; they have wisdom, intuition and
motivation, as well as a strong will, confidence and opinions. They can be taught
through independent study and introspection. Tools include books, creative
materials, diaries, privacy and time. They are the most independent of the learners.