NURS 617 FINAL PAPER FULL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS PREMIUM STUDY
SHEET
●● Accumulation of which of the following molecules results in
irreversible cell injury?
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
Answer: a. Calcium
Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes irreversible
mitochondrial injury.
●● Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
,Answer: d.protect cells from injury.
●● An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience
atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
Answer: a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in
muscle atrophy.
●● Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results
in cervical:
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
Answer: c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of
cervical dysplasia.)
,●● Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following
mechanisms?
a. Cellular dehydration
b. Intracellular sodium loss
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
Answer: c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
that decreases liver function and may result in liver cirrhosis.
●● In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division
in response to:
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
Answer: c. tissue loss.
, Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to
replace the lost tissue.
●● In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high
blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will
adapt through the process of:
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
Answer: b. hypertrophy.
Rationale: In response to the increased workload of hypertension,
myocardial cells will hypertrophy in order to pump harder.
●● Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due to hypoxic injury results in:
a. sodium accumulation.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
c. the release of enzymes.
d. lactic acid production.
Answer: b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS PREMIUM STUDY
SHEET
●● Accumulation of which of the following molecules results in
irreversible cell injury?
a. Calcium
b. Melanin
c. Lipids
d. Water
Answer: a. Calcium
Rationale: The accumulation of calcium causes irreversible
mitochondrial injury.
●● Adaptive cellular mechanisms function to:
a. speed up cellular death.
b. prevent cellular aging.
c. treat disease.
d. protect cells from injury.
,Answer: d.protect cells from injury.
●● An individual with damage to the spinal cord may experience
atrophy of which of the following organs?
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Skin
c. Liver
d. Brain
Answer: a. Skeletal muscles
Rationale: Lack of nerve stimulation to skeletal muscles results in
muscle atrophy.
●● Chronic infection of the cervix by the human papillomavirus results
in cervical:
a. hormonal hyperplasia.
b. atrophy.
c. dysplasia.
d. metaplasia.
Answer: c. dysplasia.
Rationale: (Chronic infection or inflammation is a common cause of
cervical dysplasia.)
,●● Ethanol (alcohol) causes cell injury by which of the following
mechanisms?
a. Cellular dehydration
b. Intracellular sodium loss
c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
d. Hypoxic injury
Answer: c. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
Rationale: Ethanol metabolism causes lipid accumulation in hepatocytes
that decreases liver function and may result in liver cirrhosis.
●● In compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division
in response to:
a. decreased hormonal stimulation.
b. ischemia.
c. tissue loss.
d. puberty.
Answer: c. tissue loss.
, Rationale: In response to tissue loss, surrounding cells are stimulated to
replace the lost tissue.
●● In response to an increased workload, such as that caused by high
blood pressure (hypertension), myocardial cells in the left ventricle will
adapt through the process of:
a. hyperplasia.
b. hypertrophy.
c. atrophy.
d. dysplasia.
Answer: b. hypertrophy.
Rationale: In response to the increased workload of hypertension,
myocardial cells will hypertrophy in order to pump harder.
●● Injury to the endoplasmic reticulum due to hypoxic injury results in:
a. sodium accumulation.
b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
c. the release of enzymes.
d. lactic acid production.
Answer: b. a decrease in protein synthesis.
