Herzing University | NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm
Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 |
Verified Questions
Herzing University | NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology | University-Level Nursing Students
50 Verified Questions | 4 Core Domains | Academic Year 2026/2027
Prepared by
Herzing University | NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology
Midterm Comprehensive Examination Actual Exam | Academic Year 2026/2027
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
, INTRODUCTION
This Midterm Comprehensive Examination contains 50 verified questions designed for university-level
nursing students enrolled in NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology at Herzing University. The questions are
distributed across four core domains: Cellular Injury, Inflammation, and Immunity (13 questions), Fluid,
Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (13 questions), Genetic and Developmental Disorders (12
questions), and Neoplasia and Oncology Pathophysiology (12 questions). All content is original and
constructed to reinforce the official NSG 120 Midterm course objectives for actual exam readiness and
clinical proficiency, aligned to the 2026/2027 academic year. Each item emphasizes pathophysiologic
mechanisms, compensatory responses, and clinical correlations drawn from foundational
pathophysiology methodology.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS
Domain 1: Cellular Injury, Inflammation, and Immunity
Question 1. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when a cell decreases in size due to
reduced workload or adverse conditions?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size resulting from decreased workload, denervation,
diminished blood supply, inadequate nutrition, or aging. The cell reduces its organelles and metabolic
demands to survive under adverse conditions.
Question 2. What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
A. Apoptosis is always pathologic; necrosis is always physiologic
B. Necrosis requires ATP; apoptosis does not
C. Apoptosis is programmed, energy-dependent cell death that does not provoke inflammation;
necrosis is uncontrolled cell death that triggers inflammation
D. Both processes are identical in mechanism and outcome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated, ATP-dependent process that eliminates cells without releasing
intracellular contents or eliciting inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death characterized by
membrane rupture, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Question 3. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the increased vascular
permeability and pain associated with acute inflammation?
A. Interleukin-10
B. Histamine and bradykinin
C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamine (from mast cells) and bradykinin increase vascular permeability and stimulate
sensory nerve endings, producing the edema and pain characteristic of acute inflammation.
Question 4. What is the hallmark cellular event of reversible hypoxic injury?
A. Nuclear pyknosis and karyolysis
B. Formation of caseous necrotic debris
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm
Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 |
Verified Questions
Herzing University | NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology | University-Level Nursing Students
50 Verified Questions | 4 Core Domains | Academic Year 2026/2027
Prepared by
Herzing University | NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology
Midterm Comprehensive Examination Actual Exam | Academic Year 2026/2027
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
, INTRODUCTION
This Midterm Comprehensive Examination contains 50 verified questions designed for university-level
nursing students enrolled in NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology at Herzing University. The questions are
distributed across four core domains: Cellular Injury, Inflammation, and Immunity (13 questions), Fluid,
Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances (13 questions), Genetic and Developmental Disorders (12
questions), and Neoplasia and Oncology Pathophysiology (12 questions). All content is original and
constructed to reinforce the official NSG 120 Midterm course objectives for actual exam readiness and
clinical proficiency, aligned to the 2026/2027 academic year. Each item emphasizes pathophysiologic
mechanisms, compensatory responses, and clinical correlations drawn from foundational
pathophysiology methodology.
ACTUAL QUESTIONS
Domain 1: Cellular Injury, Inflammation, and Immunity
Question 1. Which type of cellular adaptation occurs when a cell decreases in size due to
reduced workload or adverse conditions?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size resulting from decreased workload, denervation,
diminished blood supply, inadequate nutrition, or aging. The cell reduces its organelles and metabolic
demands to survive under adverse conditions.
Question 2. What is the primary difference between apoptosis and necrosis?
A. Apoptosis is always pathologic; necrosis is always physiologic
B. Necrosis requires ATP; apoptosis does not
C. Apoptosis is programmed, energy-dependent cell death that does not provoke inflammation;
necrosis is uncontrolled cell death that triggers inflammation
D. Both processes are identical in mechanism and outcome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apoptosis is a regulated, ATP-dependent process that eliminates cells without releasing
intracellular contents or eliciting inflammation. Necrosis is accidental cell death characterized by
membrane rupture, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Question 3. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the increased vascular
permeability and pain associated with acute inflammation?
A. Interleukin-10
B. Histamine and bradykinin
C. Insulin
D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Histamine (from mast cells) and bradykinin increase vascular permeability and stimulate
sensory nerve endings, producing the edema and pain characteristic of acute inflammation.
Question 4. What is the hallmark cellular event of reversible hypoxic injury?
A. Nuclear pyknosis and karyolysis
B. Formation of caseous necrotic debris
NSG 120 Nursing Pathophysiology Midterm Comprehensive Examination 2026/2027 | Verified Questions
