NR 507 Final Exam (2026) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
1. Which of the following statements about premenstrual dysphoric disorder
(PMDD) is true?
At least three symptoms must be present to confirm a diagnosis.
It is associated with breast tenderness, depression, and headaches.
It occurs in over 10% of women.
Some women experience a significant decrease in appetite.
Symptoms must be occurring daily to be characterizes as PMDD.
2. Tactile fremitus...
Increased fremitus with pneumonia
The patient says 99 while palpating
Is a density of lung tissue assessment
All of the above
3. A patient presents with severe dehydration and a loss of 20% of their blood
volume. What condition are they likely experiencing?
Obstructive shock
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
4. Describe the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
, Innate immunity is slower to respond than adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity involves antibodies, while adaptive immunity does
not.
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense that is present at
birth, while adaptive immunity develops over time and is specific to
particular pathogens.
Innate immunity is acquired through vaccinations, while adaptive
immunity is natural.
5. What type of chest discomfort is associated with stable angina?
Constant neck pain
Severe abdominal pain
Transient substernal chest discomfort
Persistent left-sided chest pain
6. What is the pattern of inheritance and resulting consequence of the gene
mutation for primary emphysema?
X-linked recessive causes males to accumulate too much alpha-1
antitrypsin.
An autosomal recessive trait leads to the production of beta-1
antitrypsin rather than alpha-1 antitrypsin.
An autosomal recessive trait leads to a deficiency in alpha-1
antitrypsin.
An autosomal dominant trait leads to a deficiency in alpha-1
antitrypsin.
7. Which describes angina that is substernal chest discomfort: elephant sitting
on my chest, diaphoresis, dyspnea, n/v, and pallor
, Prinzmetal angina
None of them
Silent ischemia
Stable angina
8. If a patient with ARDS is experiencing decreased lung compliance, what
clinical interventions might be necessary to improve their respiratory
function?
Mechanical ventilation support.
Antibiotic treatment only.
Oral hydration therapy.
Increased physical activity.
9. What is the primary cause of thrombus formation in deep vein thrombosis
(DVT)?
Decreased oxygen levels
Accumulation of clotting factors and inflammation
Increased blood flow
High blood pressure
10. What is the main consequence of persistent hypertension?
Thickening of the left ventricle
Renal failure
Stroke
All of the above
11. Which is most likely to cause pulmonary edema:
, Decreased blood to right atrium
Right congestive heart failure
Aortic aneurysm
Left congestive heart failure
12. Which of the following statements correctly describes the "left shift" in white
blood cells?
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of banded,
immature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of segmented,
mature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of banded,
mature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of segmented,
immature neutrophils
13. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include all the following except
Tachycardia
Heat intolerance
Lid retraction in the eye
Cold intolerance
14. Describe the nature of chest discomfort experienced during stable angina
and how it differs from unstable angina.
Stable angina is a chronic condition with no symptoms, while
unstable angina is acute and painful.
Stable angina presents with severe pain in the arms, while unstable
(elaborated) ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
1. Which of the following statements about premenstrual dysphoric disorder
(PMDD) is true?
At least three symptoms must be present to confirm a diagnosis.
It is associated with breast tenderness, depression, and headaches.
It occurs in over 10% of women.
Some women experience a significant decrease in appetite.
Symptoms must be occurring daily to be characterizes as PMDD.
2. Tactile fremitus...
Increased fremitus with pneumonia
The patient says 99 while palpating
Is a density of lung tissue assessment
All of the above
3. A patient presents with severe dehydration and a loss of 20% of their blood
volume. What condition are they likely experiencing?
Obstructive shock
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock
Hypovolemic shock
4. Describe the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
, Innate immunity is slower to respond than adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity involves antibodies, while adaptive immunity does
not.
Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense that is present at
birth, while adaptive immunity develops over time and is specific to
particular pathogens.
Innate immunity is acquired through vaccinations, while adaptive
immunity is natural.
5. What type of chest discomfort is associated with stable angina?
Constant neck pain
Severe abdominal pain
Transient substernal chest discomfort
Persistent left-sided chest pain
6. What is the pattern of inheritance and resulting consequence of the gene
mutation for primary emphysema?
X-linked recessive causes males to accumulate too much alpha-1
antitrypsin.
An autosomal recessive trait leads to the production of beta-1
antitrypsin rather than alpha-1 antitrypsin.
An autosomal recessive trait leads to a deficiency in alpha-1
antitrypsin.
An autosomal dominant trait leads to a deficiency in alpha-1
antitrypsin.
7. Which describes angina that is substernal chest discomfort: elephant sitting
on my chest, diaphoresis, dyspnea, n/v, and pallor
, Prinzmetal angina
None of them
Silent ischemia
Stable angina
8. If a patient with ARDS is experiencing decreased lung compliance, what
clinical interventions might be necessary to improve their respiratory
function?
Mechanical ventilation support.
Antibiotic treatment only.
Oral hydration therapy.
Increased physical activity.
9. What is the primary cause of thrombus formation in deep vein thrombosis
(DVT)?
Decreased oxygen levels
Accumulation of clotting factors and inflammation
Increased blood flow
High blood pressure
10. What is the main consequence of persistent hypertension?
Thickening of the left ventricle
Renal failure
Stroke
All of the above
11. Which is most likely to cause pulmonary edema:
, Decreased blood to right atrium
Right congestive heart failure
Aortic aneurysm
Left congestive heart failure
12. Which of the following statements correctly describes the "left shift" in white
blood cells?
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of banded,
immature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of segmented,
mature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of banded,
mature neutrophils
A leftward shift means there's an increased percentage of segmented,
immature neutrophils
13. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include all the following except
Tachycardia
Heat intolerance
Lid retraction in the eye
Cold intolerance
14. Describe the nature of chest discomfort experienced during stable angina
and how it differs from unstable angina.
Stable angina is a chronic condition with no symptoms, while
unstable angina is acute and painful.
Stable angina presents with severe pain in the arms, while unstable
