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Dental Hygiene Board Review | Study Guide, Practice Questions, Answers & Exam Prep 2026/2027

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Dental Hygiene Board Review | Study Guide, Practice Questions, Answers & Exam Prep 2026/2027

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ntalDental
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Dental Hygiene Board Review
What are the 6 classes of nutrients? - correct answer-carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
vitamins
minerals
water

What monosaccharide is the main source of fuel for the brain? - correct answer-Glucose

What monosaccharide is present in all disaccharides? - correct answer-glucose

What polysaccharide provides a carbohydrate storage form of energy in humans and
animals? - correct answer-glycogen

How many grams of fiber should be consumed daily? - correct answer-25-38 grams

What nutrient's main function is to provide energy to the body? - correct
answer-carbohydrates

What is the daily requirement for carbohydrates? - correct answer-130 grams

What 2 monosaccharides make up sucrose? - correct answer-glucose & fructose

What 2 monosaccharides make up lactose? - correct answer-glucose & galactose

What 2 monosaccharides make up maltose? - correct answer-2 glucose molecules

What are the 3 nutritive sweeteners? - correct answer-sorbitol
mannitol
xylitol

What is the most widely used non-nutritive sweetener? - correct answer-aspartame

What alternative sweetener must carry a phenylketonuria (PKU) warning? - correct
answer-aspartame

What artificial sweetener is the active ingredient in Splenda? - correct answer-sucralose

What organ AND cells are affected by type I diabetes mellitus? - correct answer-pancreas &
islets of langerhans

The following are symptoms of which systemic condition: increased risk for periodontal
disease, xerostomia, loss of sight and kidney function, poor circulation, heart disease, and
slow would healing. - correct answer-diabetes mellitus




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,ntalDental
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Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels are below _____ mg/dl. - correct answer-70

Name several symptoms of hypoglycemia. - correct answer-shakiness
dizziness
sweating
hunger
lightheadedness
headaches
irritability

Which type of diabetes is insulin-resistant? - correct answer-type II diabetes

What organic compound makes up proteins? - correct answer-amino acids

What is the main function of proteins? - correct answer-repair & build tissues/cells

How many amino acids are essential(unable to be synthesized by the body)? - correct
answer-9

Where does digestion of proteins begin? - correct answer-stomach

What is the condition characterized by the liver's inability to metabolize the essential amino
acid phenylalanine into tyrosine? - correct answer-phenylketonuria (PKU)

What is kwashiorkor a result of? - correct answer-severe protein deficiency

What type of lipid carries the maximum number of hydrogen atoms? - correct
answer-saturated fatty acids

What are the 2 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids? - correct answer-linoleic fatty acid
(omega-6) and linolenic fatty acid (omge-3)

What fatty acid is considered "heart-healthy"? - correct answer-omega-3

Which vitamins are fat-soluble? - correct answer-A, D, E & K

Where are fat soluble vitamins stored? - correct answer-liver & fatty tissues

What vitamin helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorus? - correct answer-vitamin
D

Rickets is a result of a deficiency in what vitamin? - correct answer-vitamin D

Overconsumption of what vitamin can interfere with blood coagulation and cause gingival
bleeding? - correct answer-vitamin E




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,ntalDental
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What vitamin aids in the formation of the blood clotting factor prothrombin? - correct
answer-vitamin E

What vitamins are water-soluble? - correct answer-B & C

Deficiency in which B vitamin can lead to cheilosis and glossitis? - correct answer-riboflavin
(B2)

What vitamin assists in forming DNA/RNA and is important to take during pregnancy? -
correct answer-folic acid

What B vitamin is needed for metabolism of folic acid? - correct answer-cobalamin (B12)

Deficiency in what vitamin causes scurvy? - correct answer-vitamin C

Smokers have an increased need for what vitamin? - correct answer-vitamin C

What is the most abundant mineral in the body? - correct answer-calcium

True/False: Sodium is a cause of high blood pressure. - correct answer-False- it does not
cause HBP, but it does aggravates

Fine, soft hair growth that occurs with anorexia is known as... - correct answer-lanugo

What term means dental erosion without bacterial involvement? - correct answer-perimolysis

The eating disorder pica can be caused by a deficiency in which 2 minerals? - correct
answer-iron & zinc

What type of fluoride should be recommended to patients with bulimia? - correct
answer-sodium fluoride (mouthrinses)

What is an alternative name for glucose? - correct answer-dextrose

What birth defect can be caused by an insufficient amount of folic acid intake during
pregnancy? - correct answer-spina bifida

Which fatty acid maintains serum cholesterol levels? - correct answer-monounsaturated

Which vitamin interferes with the functions of vitamin K? - correct answer-vitamin E

What vitamin promotes collagen synthesis? - correct answer-vitamin C

Which vitamin is responsible for maintaining eye health? - correct answer-vitamin A

Severe niacin deficiency can lead to what condition? - correct answer-pallegra

Severe thiamine deficiency can lead to what condition? - correct answer-beriberi




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Do disinfectants kill spores? - correct answer-no; disinfectants kill/inactivate most pathogenic
MOs but not spores

What conditions are required for adequate steam sterilization? (temp/psi/time) - correct
answer-250°F
15-20 psi
30 minutes

True/false: External indicators like tape that changes color guarantees that the instruments
are sterile. - correct answer-False; this only indicates that the instruments were heat
processed

How is the proper functioning of an autoclave tested and how often? - correct answer-spore
checks; weekly

What is the normal range for pulse/heart rate? - correct answer-60-100 bpm

What BP range is considered stage 1 hypertension? - correct answer-130-139/80-89

What BP range is considered stage 2 hypertension? - correct answer->140/90+

A patient with chronic COPD would be considered what ASA classification? - correct
answer-ASA III

What is the normal range for respirations in adults? - correct answer-12-20 breaths/min

A healthy pregnant patient would be considered what ASA classification? - correct
answer-ASA II

What instrument is used to measure furcation involvement? - correct answer-nabers probe

How many classifications of furcations are there? - correct answer-4

Which class of furcation is characterized by the ability to pass through the roots without
being seen clinically? - correct answer-class III

How many classes of mobility are there? - correct answer-3; slight, moderate & severe

Which classification of mobility is characterized by both horizontal and vertical movement? -
correct answer-class III

Which class of occlusion is present when the mesial portion of the max canine is distal to the
distal surface of the mandibular canine by the width of a premolar? - correct answer-class III

What is the nutrient source of supragingival calculus? - correct answer-saliva

What is the nutrient source of subgingival calculus? - correct answer-gingival crevicular fluid




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