NR 507 Final Review 2026 | Advanced Pathophysiology
Practice Questions & Concepts
1. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by.
inhibiting cardiovascular workload
decreasing blood pressure
decreasing total cholesterol
inhibiting the production of the male hormone DHT
2. The client with acute renal failure is recovering and asks the nurse, 'Will my
kidneys ever function normally again?' The nurse's response is based on
knowledge that the client's renal status will most likely:
Result in the need for permanent hemodialysis.
Improve only if the client receives a renal transplant.
Result in end-stage renal failure.
Continue to improve over a period of weeks.
3. What is one recommended practice to help prevent urinary tract infections
(UTIs)?
Urinate before and after sexual intercourse
Hold urine for extended periods
Drink less water
Avoid urination during the day
4. What can patients at risk for kidney stones do to prevent them in many cases
take propylatic antibiotics to control UTIS
, lead an active lifestyle
drink enough fluids to produce dilute urine
limit protein and acidic foods in the diet
5. Describe the role of the pons in the regulation of micturition.
The pons is involved in the processing of visual information.
The pons regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
The pons is responsible for sensory perception and motor control.
The pons coordinates the signals for bladder control and facilitates
the process of urination.
6. A patient presents with severe dehydration and low blood pressure. What
type of renal failure might this indicate?
Intrinsic acute renal failure
Pre-renal acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Post-renal acute renal failure
7. Describe how renal failure leads to disturbances in the body's fluid and
electrolyte balance.
Renal failure causes the body to absorb more glucose from the
intestines.
Renal failure increases the production of hormones that regulate
blood pressure.
Renal failure results in the kidneys producing more urine than normal.
, Renal failure impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and regulate
fluid and electrolytes, leading to imbalances.
8. Describe the significance of creatinine filtration in assessing kidney function.
Creatinine filtration is important for hormone regulation in the body.
Creatinine filtration is not significant as it is only a byproduct of protein
metabolism.
Creatinine filtration is significant because it indicates how well the
kidneys are filtering waste from the blood.
Creatinine filtration is primarily involved in glucose metabolism.
9. What type of bacteria is indicated by the presence of nitrites in a urinalysis?
Viruses
Gram-positive bacteria
Fungi
Gram-negative bacteria
10. Describe how straining during urination is related to the symptoms of benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Straining is a sign of urinary tract infection rather than BPH.
Straining is a compensatory mechanism to push urine past an
obstructed urethra due to prostate enlargement.
Straining helps to relax the bladder muscles for easier urination.
Straining indicates that the bladder is functioning normally.
11. What is the primary cause of renal colic in patients with kidney stones?
Low blood pressure
, Excessive fluid intake
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Infection in the kidneys
12. What is the initial physiological response of the body to a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in acute renal failure?
Decreased blood pressure
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Increased urine output
Increased glomerular filtration rate
13. Describe how dementia or immobility can lead to involuntary loss of urine.
Dementia or immobility can impair the brain's ability to control
bladder function, leading to incontinence.
Immobility causes the bladder to overfill, resulting in increased urine
retention.
Dementia and immobility have no effect on urinary function.
Dementia enhances bladder control, preventing involuntary loss of
urine.
14. If a male patient presents with recurrent upper UTIs, what anatomical
consideration might a healthcare provider evaluate?
The patient's family history of UTIs
Potential anatomical abnormalities in the urinary tract
The patient's diet and hydration levels
The patient's exercise routine
Practice Questions & Concepts
1. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by.
inhibiting cardiovascular workload
decreasing blood pressure
decreasing total cholesterol
inhibiting the production of the male hormone DHT
2. The client with acute renal failure is recovering and asks the nurse, 'Will my
kidneys ever function normally again?' The nurse's response is based on
knowledge that the client's renal status will most likely:
Result in the need for permanent hemodialysis.
Improve only if the client receives a renal transplant.
Result in end-stage renal failure.
Continue to improve over a period of weeks.
3. What is one recommended practice to help prevent urinary tract infections
(UTIs)?
Urinate before and after sexual intercourse
Hold urine for extended periods
Drink less water
Avoid urination during the day
4. What can patients at risk for kidney stones do to prevent them in many cases
take propylatic antibiotics to control UTIS
, lead an active lifestyle
drink enough fluids to produce dilute urine
limit protein and acidic foods in the diet
5. Describe the role of the pons in the regulation of micturition.
The pons is involved in the processing of visual information.
The pons regulates heart rate and blood pressure.
The pons is responsible for sensory perception and motor control.
The pons coordinates the signals for bladder control and facilitates
the process of urination.
6. A patient presents with severe dehydration and low blood pressure. What
type of renal failure might this indicate?
Intrinsic acute renal failure
Pre-renal acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Post-renal acute renal failure
7. Describe how renal failure leads to disturbances in the body's fluid and
electrolyte balance.
Renal failure causes the body to absorb more glucose from the
intestines.
Renal failure increases the production of hormones that regulate
blood pressure.
Renal failure results in the kidneys producing more urine than normal.
, Renal failure impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and regulate
fluid and electrolytes, leading to imbalances.
8. Describe the significance of creatinine filtration in assessing kidney function.
Creatinine filtration is important for hormone regulation in the body.
Creatinine filtration is not significant as it is only a byproduct of protein
metabolism.
Creatinine filtration is significant because it indicates how well the
kidneys are filtering waste from the blood.
Creatinine filtration is primarily involved in glucose metabolism.
9. What type of bacteria is indicated by the presence of nitrites in a urinalysis?
Viruses
Gram-positive bacteria
Fungi
Gram-negative bacteria
10. Describe how straining during urination is related to the symptoms of benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Straining is a sign of urinary tract infection rather than BPH.
Straining is a compensatory mechanism to push urine past an
obstructed urethra due to prostate enlargement.
Straining helps to relax the bladder muscles for easier urination.
Straining indicates that the bladder is functioning normally.
11. What is the primary cause of renal colic in patients with kidney stones?
Low blood pressure
, Excessive fluid intake
Obstruction of the urinary tract
Infection in the kidneys
12. What is the initial physiological response of the body to a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in acute renal failure?
Decreased blood pressure
Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Increased urine output
Increased glomerular filtration rate
13. Describe how dementia or immobility can lead to involuntary loss of urine.
Dementia or immobility can impair the brain's ability to control
bladder function, leading to incontinence.
Immobility causes the bladder to overfill, resulting in increased urine
retention.
Dementia and immobility have no effect on urinary function.
Dementia enhances bladder control, preventing involuntary loss of
urine.
14. If a male patient presents with recurrent upper UTIs, what anatomical
consideration might a healthcare provider evaluate?
The patient's family history of UTIs
Potential anatomical abnormalities in the urinary tract
The patient's diet and hydration levels
The patient's exercise routine
