NR 507 Final Exam Questions & Answers 2026 | Latest
Study Guide
1. What can patients at risk for kidney stones do to prevent them in many cases
take propylatic antibiotics to control UTIS
lead an active lifestyle
drink enough fluids to produce dilute urine
limit protein and acidic foods in the diet
2. Describe the typical progression of symptoms in patients with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Symptoms are only related to sexual dysfunction.
Symptoms are consistent and do not change over time.
Symptoms appear suddenly and include severe pain during urination.
Symptoms of BPH usually begin gradually and can include urinary
frequency, urgency, and difficulty starting urination.
3. Describe how increasing water consumption can contribute to the
prevention of urinary tract infections.
Increasing water consumption leads to higher vitamin C levels.
Increasing water consumption creates a more acidic environment in
the bladder.
Increasing water consumption prevents the need to urinate frequently.
Increasing water consumption helps flush out bacteria from the
urinary tract.
,4. If a patient presents with symptoms of dysuria and frequency but has no
fever or flank pain, what would be the most appropriate diagnosis?
Uncomplicated UTI
Cystitis with obstruction
Pyelonephritis
Complicated UTI
5. Which bacterium is most frequently associated with urinary tract infections
(UTIs)?
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
6. What contributes to the obstruction of the urethra and/or bladder neck in
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Normal prostate size
Decrease in the number of cells within the prostate
Decreased tension of smooth muscle within the prostate
Increase in the size of the prostate and development of nodules
7. Which of these recommendations to prevent kidney stones is most
important?
- Lose weight
- Reduce salt intake
, - Reduce fat intake
- Increase fluid intake to 2 litres per day
- Avoid high protein diet
8. Nodular growth of *BOTH the stroma & glands at the Peri-Urethral Zone* of
the Prostate suggests:
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Prostatic Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (PIN)
9. What is the primary effect of a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor on testosterone?
It increases the levels of testosterone in the bloodstream.
It enhances the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
It reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
(DHT).
It blocks the production of testosterone entirely.
10. A patient presents with severe dehydration and low blood pressure. What
type of renal failure might this indicate?
Intrinsic acute renal failure
Pre-renal acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Post-renal acute renal failure
11. What condition is commonly associated with a deficiency in vitamin D?
Rickets
, Osteoporosis
Anemia
Scurvy
12. Describe how renal failure leads to disturbances in the body's fluid and
electrolyte balance.
Renal failure causes the body to absorb more glucose from the
intestines.
Renal failure increases the production of hormones that regulate
blood pressure.
Renal failure results in the kidneys producing more urine than normal.
Renal failure impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and regulate
fluid and electrolytes, leading to imbalances.
13. What are two common obstructive symptoms associated with bladder
hypertrophy?
Urinary retention and weak stream
Nocturia and hematuria
Painful urination and urgency
Frequent urination and incontinence
14. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by.
inhibiting cardiovascular workload
decreasing blood pressure
decreasing total cholesterol
inhibiting the production of the male hormone DHT
Study Guide
1. What can patients at risk for kidney stones do to prevent them in many cases
take propylatic antibiotics to control UTIS
lead an active lifestyle
drink enough fluids to produce dilute urine
limit protein and acidic foods in the diet
2. Describe the typical progression of symptoms in patients with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Symptoms are only related to sexual dysfunction.
Symptoms are consistent and do not change over time.
Symptoms appear suddenly and include severe pain during urination.
Symptoms of BPH usually begin gradually and can include urinary
frequency, urgency, and difficulty starting urination.
3. Describe how increasing water consumption can contribute to the
prevention of urinary tract infections.
Increasing water consumption leads to higher vitamin C levels.
Increasing water consumption creates a more acidic environment in
the bladder.
Increasing water consumption prevents the need to urinate frequently.
Increasing water consumption helps flush out bacteria from the
urinary tract.
,4. If a patient presents with symptoms of dysuria and frequency but has no
fever or flank pain, what would be the most appropriate diagnosis?
Uncomplicated UTI
Cystitis with obstruction
Pyelonephritis
Complicated UTI
5. Which bacterium is most frequently associated with urinary tract infections
(UTIs)?
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
6. What contributes to the obstruction of the urethra and/or bladder neck in
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Normal prostate size
Decrease in the number of cells within the prostate
Decreased tension of smooth muscle within the prostate
Increase in the size of the prostate and development of nodules
7. Which of these recommendations to prevent kidney stones is most
important?
- Lose weight
- Reduce salt intake
, - Reduce fat intake
- Increase fluid intake to 2 litres per day
- Avoid high protein diet
8. Nodular growth of *BOTH the stroma & glands at the Peri-Urethral Zone* of
the Prostate suggests:
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Prostatic Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (PIN)
9. What is the primary effect of a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor on testosterone?
It increases the levels of testosterone in the bloodstream.
It enhances the effects of dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
It reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
(DHT).
It blocks the production of testosterone entirely.
10. A patient presents with severe dehydration and low blood pressure. What
type of renal failure might this indicate?
Intrinsic acute renal failure
Pre-renal acute renal failure
Chronic renal failure
Post-renal acute renal failure
11. What condition is commonly associated with a deficiency in vitamin D?
Rickets
, Osteoporosis
Anemia
Scurvy
12. Describe how renal failure leads to disturbances in the body's fluid and
electrolyte balance.
Renal failure causes the body to absorb more glucose from the
intestines.
Renal failure increases the production of hormones that regulate
blood pressure.
Renal failure results in the kidneys producing more urine than normal.
Renal failure impairs the kidneys' ability to filter waste and regulate
fluid and electrolytes, leading to imbalances.
13. What are two common obstructive symptoms associated with bladder
hypertrophy?
Urinary retention and weak stream
Nocturia and hematuria
Painful urination and urgency
Frequent urination and incontinence
14. The 5-alpha reductase inhibitors work by.
inhibiting cardiovascular workload
decreasing blood pressure
decreasing total cholesterol
inhibiting the production of the male hormone DHT
