AZ Real Estate (State Specific) Exam Prep
with a Review of 300 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers/ ARIZONA Real
Estate Exam- 300 State Specific Correctly
Answered Practice Questions/ Test Bank
D
SECTION A: ACID-BASE BALANCE (Questions 1-15)
1. A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show pH 7.30, PaCO2 52 mmHg, and
HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is present?
• A) Metabolic Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Alkalosis
• C) Respiratory Acidosis
• D) Respiratory Alkalosis
Rationale: The pH is low (7.30) indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated (52 mmHg)
indicating a respiratory cause. The HCO3 is normal (24 mEq/L), meaning no
compensation has occurred yet. This is uncompensated respiratory acidosis .
2. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L.
What is the correct interpretation?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
, • B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: pH is elevated (7.48) indicating alkalosis. PaCO2 is low (30 mmHg) indicating
a respiratory cause (hyperventilation blowing off CO2). HCO3 is normal. This
is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis .
3. A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen. Why must the nurse exercise caution
with high-flow oxygen delivery?
• A) It can cause rupture of the alveoli
• B) It increases the risk of metabolic alkalosis
• C) It may suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe
• D) It leads to rapid fluid accumulation in the lungs
Rationale: Patients with COPD may rely on a hypoxic drive to breathe rather than CO2
levels. High-flow oxygen can suppress this drive, leading to hypoventilation and
respiratory failure .
4. Which ABG result is indicative of uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
• A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 22 mEq/L
• B) pH 7.30, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
• C) pH 7.32, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
• D) pH 7.35, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH (< 7.35) and high PaCO2 (>
45 mmHg). In option B, pH is acidic, CO2 is high, and HCO3 is normal, indicating no
compensation has occurred .
5. A patient with severe anxiety is breathing rapidly and reports tingling in the
fingers. The nurse suspects:
, • A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Respiratory Alkalosis
• C) Metabolic Acidosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) causes excessive CO2 exhalation, leading
to respiratory alkalosis. Symptoms include perioral tingling, numbness, and muscle
cramps .
6. What is a hallmark sign of respiratory alkalosis?
• A) Slow, shallow respirations
• B) Confusion and lethargy
• C) Hyperventilation
• D) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by blowing off too much CO2, typically
through hyperventilation (anxiety, pain, or fever) .
7. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, and HCO3 24 mEq/L.
Which compensatory mechanism is expected to be activated?
• A) Renal excretion of hydrogen ions
• B) Renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
• C) Increased alveolar ventilation
• D) Decreased metabolic acid production
Rationale: This ABG shows respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2, normal HCO3).
The immediate compensation is hyperventilation to blow off CO2 (increased alveolar
ventilation). Renal compensation takes hours to days .
8. A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.35, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3 32
mEq/L. What is the correct interpretation?
, • A) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
• B) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
• C) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
• D) Metabolic alkalosis with compensation
Rationale: The pH is 7.35 (low-normal). PaCO2 is high (60 mmHg) indicating a
respiratory problem. HCO3 is elevated (32 mEq/L) indicating renal compensation. Since
the pH has returned to normal, this is fully compensated respiratory acidosis .
9. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.28, PaCO2 30 mmHg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L.
Which imbalance is present?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: pH is low (7.28) indicating acidosis. PaCO2 is low (30 mmHg) which would be
expected in respiratory alkalosis, but HCO3 is also low (18 mEq/L), indicating a
metabolic problem. This is metabolic acidosis with some respiratory compensation .
10. A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) would most likely develop which
acid-base imbalance?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: DKA causes accumulation of ketone bodies (metabolic acids), leading
to metabolic acidosis. The body compensates with rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul
respirations) to blow off CO2 .
with a Review of 300 Questions and
Correct Verified Answers/ ARIZONA Real
Estate Exam- 300 State Specific Correctly
Answered Practice Questions/ Test Bank
D
SECTION A: ACID-BASE BALANCE (Questions 1-15)
1. A patient's arterial blood gas (ABG) results show pH 7.30, PaCO2 52 mmHg, and
HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is present?
• A) Metabolic Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Alkalosis
• C) Respiratory Acidosis
• D) Respiratory Alkalosis
Rationale: The pH is low (7.30) indicating acidosis. The PaCO2 is elevated (52 mmHg)
indicating a respiratory cause. The HCO3 is normal (24 mEq/L), meaning no
compensation has occurred yet. This is uncompensated respiratory acidosis .
2. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L.
What is the correct interpretation?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
, • B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: pH is elevated (7.48) indicating alkalosis. PaCO2 is low (30 mmHg) indicating
a respiratory cause (hyperventilation blowing off CO2). HCO3 is normal. This
is uncompensated respiratory alkalosis .
3. A patient with COPD is receiving oxygen. Why must the nurse exercise caution
with high-flow oxygen delivery?
• A) It can cause rupture of the alveoli
• B) It increases the risk of metabolic alkalosis
• C) It may suppress the hypoxic drive to breathe
• D) It leads to rapid fluid accumulation in the lungs
Rationale: Patients with COPD may rely on a hypoxic drive to breathe rather than CO2
levels. High-flow oxygen can suppress this drive, leading to hypoventilation and
respiratory failure .
4. Which ABG result is indicative of uncompensated respiratory acidosis?
• A) pH 7.48, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3 22 mEq/L
• B) pH 7.30, PaCO2 52 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L
• C) pH 7.32, PaCO2 38 mmHg, HCO3 18 mEq/L
• D) pH 7.35, PaCO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by low pH (< 7.35) and high PaCO2 (>
45 mmHg). In option B, pH is acidic, CO2 is high, and HCO3 is normal, indicating no
compensation has occurred .
5. A patient with severe anxiety is breathing rapidly and reports tingling in the
fingers. The nurse suspects:
, • A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Respiratory Alkalosis
• C) Metabolic Acidosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: Hyperventilation (rapid breathing) causes excessive CO2 exhalation, leading
to respiratory alkalosis. Symptoms include perioral tingling, numbness, and muscle
cramps .
6. What is a hallmark sign of respiratory alkalosis?
• A) Slow, shallow respirations
• B) Confusion and lethargy
• C) Hyperventilation
• D) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by blowing off too much CO2, typically
through hyperventilation (anxiety, pain, or fever) .
7. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, and HCO3 24 mEq/L.
Which compensatory mechanism is expected to be activated?
• A) Renal excretion of hydrogen ions
• B) Renal reabsorption of bicarbonate
• C) Increased alveolar ventilation
• D) Decreased metabolic acid production
Rationale: This ABG shows respiratory acidosis (low pH, high PaCO2, normal HCO3).
The immediate compensation is hyperventilation to blow off CO2 (increased alveolar
ventilation). Renal compensation takes hours to days .
8. A patient has the following ABG results: pH 7.35, PaCO2 60 mmHg, HCO3 32
mEq/L. What is the correct interpretation?
, • A) Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
• B) Fully compensated respiratory acidosis
• C) Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
• D) Metabolic alkalosis with compensation
Rationale: The pH is 7.35 (low-normal). PaCO2 is high (60 mmHg) indicating a
respiratory problem. HCO3 is elevated (32 mEq/L) indicating renal compensation. Since
the pH has returned to normal, this is fully compensated respiratory acidosis .
9. A patient has ABG results of pH 7.28, PaCO2 30 mmHg, and HCO3 18 mEq/L.
Which imbalance is present?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: pH is low (7.28) indicating acidosis. PaCO2 is low (30 mmHg) which would be
expected in respiratory alkalosis, but HCO3 is also low (18 mEq/L), indicating a
metabolic problem. This is metabolic acidosis with some respiratory compensation .
10. A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) would most likely develop which
acid-base imbalance?
• A) Respiratory Acidosis
• B) Metabolic Acidosis
• C) Respiratory Alkalosis
• D) Metabolic Alkalosis
Rationale: DKA causes accumulation of ketone bodies (metabolic acids), leading
to metabolic acidosis. The body compensates with rapid, deep breathing (Kussmaul
respirations) to blow off CO2 .
