NUR 555 Quiz 8: Endocrinology and Reproductive
Health | Questions and Correct Answers plus
Rationale | New Update 2026-2027 | SNHU
Question 1: Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are
what?
A. Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier
B. Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
C. Bound to a water-soluble binding protein
D. Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry
Correct Answer: B. Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
Rationale: Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary hormones,
hypothalamic hormones, and parathyroid hormone, circulate in free (unbound)
forms. Because they are water-soluble, they dissolve readily in the blood plasma
and do not require carrier proteins for transport. This allows them to have a rapid
onset of action and short half-life. Option A is incorrect; lipid-soluble hormones
(steroid hormones, thyroid hormones) bind to carrier proteins. Option C is
incorrect; water-soluble binding proteins are not the primary transport
mechanism for protein hormones. Option D is incorrect; protein hormones are not
lipid-soluble. The free, unbound form of protein hormones is biologically active
and readily available to bind to target cell receptors.
Question 2: Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer?
A. Diagnosis of endometriosis
B. Oral contraceptive use
C. Multiple pregnancies
D. Prolonged lactation
Correct Answer: A. Diagnosis of endometriosis
,Rationale: Endometriosis is associated with a higher risk for infertility and cancers,
especially ovarian cancer. Women with endometriosis have an increased risk of
developing ovarian cancer (particularly endometrioid and clear cell subtypes) due
to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Option B (Oral contraceptive use)
actually decreases the risk of ovarian cancer by suppressing ovulation. Option C
(Multiple pregnancies) decreases the risk because fewer ovulatory cycles occur
during pregnancy. Option D (Prolonged lactation) also decreases risk by
suppressing ovulation. The risk factors for ovarian cancer include nulliparity, early
menarche, late menopause, and endometriosis. Endometriosis is the most
common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and is the third most common
indication for hysterectomy.
Question 3: Which is an expected hormonal change in an older patient?
A. Decreased estrogen levels in women
B. Increased testosterone levels in men
C. Increased growth hormone levels
D. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels
Correct Answer: A. Decreased estrogen levels in women
Rationale: In older women, there is a significant decrease in estrogen levels due to
menopause, which occurs at an average age of 51. This decline in estrogen is
responsible for the symptoms and physiological changes associated with
menopause, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and increased risk of
osteoporosis. Option B is incorrect; testosterone levels in men decrease gradually
with age, not increase. Option C is incorrect; growth hormone levels decrease
with age. Option D is incorrect; TSH levels may remain stable or slightly increase
with age. Age-related hormonal changes affect multiple systems, including the
reproductive, metabolic, and musculoskeletal systems. The decline in estrogen is
the most significant hormonal change in older women.
Question 4: A severely malnourished patient is in the hospital to improve
nutrition. On the second day, the patient reports palpitations and difficulty
, breathing. After placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, what action does the
healthcare professional take next?
A. Take the patient's temperature.
B. Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels.
C. Cancel the patient's next meal.
D. Facilitate a chest X-ray.
Correct Answer: B. Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels.
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome occurs when patients are fed too quickly after a
period of starvation or severe malnutrition. Rapid refeeding causes rapid shifts of
fluids and electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium,
leading to potentially life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. After placing the
patient on a cardiac monitor, the professional should ensure that serum
electrolytes are measured to identify and correct electrolyte imbalances. Option A
is incorrect; temperature is not the priority. Option C is incorrect; the patient
should continue to eat, although calories should be decreased and gradually
increased. Option D is incorrect; a chest X-ray may not be necessary unless
respiratory symptoms persist. Refeeding syndrome can lead to heart failure,
respiratory failure, and death. Prevention involves gradual refeeding and close
monitoring of electrolytes, especially phosphorus.
Question 5: A healthcare professional sees a patient in the clinic who reports
that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. What term does
the professional use to document this condition?
A. Paraphimosis
B. Priapism
C. Prephimosis
D. Phimosis
Correct Answer: D. Phimosis
Rationale: Phimosis is the term used to identify the condition in which the
foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. This can be congenital or
acquired due to scarring, infection, or inflammation. Option A (Paraphimosis) is
Health | Questions and Correct Answers plus
Rationale | New Update 2026-2027 | SNHU
Question 1: Most protein hormones are transported in the bloodstream and are
what?
A. Bound to a lipid-soluble carrier
B. Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
C. Bound to a water-soluble binding protein
D. Free because of their lipid-soluble chemistry
Correct Answer: B. Free in an unbound, water-soluble form
Rationale: Peptide or protein hormones, such as insulin, pituitary hormones,
hypothalamic hormones, and parathyroid hormone, circulate in free (unbound)
forms. Because they are water-soluble, they dissolve readily in the blood plasma
and do not require carrier proteins for transport. This allows them to have a rapid
onset of action and short half-life. Option A is incorrect; lipid-soluble hormones
(steroid hormones, thyroid hormones) bind to carrier proteins. Option C is
incorrect; water-soluble binding proteins are not the primary transport
mechanism for protein hormones. Option D is incorrect; protein hormones are not
lipid-soluble. The free, unbound form of protein hormones is biologically active
and readily available to bind to target cell receptors.
Question 2: Which factor increases the risk for ovarian cancer?
A. Diagnosis of endometriosis
B. Oral contraceptive use
C. Multiple pregnancies
D. Prolonged lactation
Correct Answer: A. Diagnosis of endometriosis
,Rationale: Endometriosis is associated with a higher risk for infertility and cancers,
especially ovarian cancer. Women with endometriosis have an increased risk of
developing ovarian cancer (particularly endometrioid and clear cell subtypes) due
to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. Option B (Oral contraceptive use)
actually decreases the risk of ovarian cancer by suppressing ovulation. Option C
(Multiple pregnancies) decreases the risk because fewer ovulatory cycles occur
during pregnancy. Option D (Prolonged lactation) also decreases risk by
suppressing ovulation. The risk factors for ovarian cancer include nulliparity, early
menarche, late menopause, and endometriosis. Endometriosis is the most
common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and is the third most common
indication for hysterectomy.
Question 3: Which is an expected hormonal change in an older patient?
A. Decreased estrogen levels in women
B. Increased testosterone levels in men
C. Increased growth hormone levels
D. Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels
Correct Answer: A. Decreased estrogen levels in women
Rationale: In older women, there is a significant decrease in estrogen levels due to
menopause, which occurs at an average age of 51. This decline in estrogen is
responsible for the symptoms and physiological changes associated with
menopause, including hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and increased risk of
osteoporosis. Option B is incorrect; testosterone levels in men decrease gradually
with age, not increase. Option C is incorrect; growth hormone levels decrease
with age. Option D is incorrect; TSH levels may remain stable or slightly increase
with age. Age-related hormonal changes affect multiple systems, including the
reproductive, metabolic, and musculoskeletal systems. The decline in estrogen is
the most significant hormonal change in older women.
Question 4: A severely malnourished patient is in the hospital to improve
nutrition. On the second day, the patient reports palpitations and difficulty
, breathing. After placing the patient on a cardiac monitor, what action does the
healthcare professional take next?
A. Take the patient's temperature.
B. Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels.
C. Cancel the patient's next meal.
D. Facilitate a chest X-ray.
Correct Answer: B. Have lab drawn for electrolyte levels.
Rationale: Refeeding syndrome occurs when patients are fed too quickly after a
period of starvation or severe malnutrition. Rapid refeeding causes rapid shifts of
fluids and electrolytes, particularly phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium,
leading to potentially life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. After placing the
patient on a cardiac monitor, the professional should ensure that serum
electrolytes are measured to identify and correct electrolyte imbalances. Option A
is incorrect; temperature is not the priority. Option C is incorrect; the patient
should continue to eat, although calories should be decreased and gradually
increased. Option D is incorrect; a chest X-ray may not be necessary unless
respiratory symptoms persist. Refeeding syndrome can lead to heart failure,
respiratory failure, and death. Prevention involves gradual refeeding and close
monitoring of electrolytes, especially phosphorus.
Question 5: A healthcare professional sees a patient in the clinic who reports
that his foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. What term does
the professional use to document this condition?
A. Paraphimosis
B. Priapism
C. Prephimosis
D. Phimosis
Correct Answer: D. Phimosis
Rationale: Phimosis is the term used to identify the condition in which the
foreskin cannot be retracted back over the glans penis. This can be congenital or
acquired due to scarring, infection, or inflammation. Option A (Paraphimosis) is
