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09 September 2026
NSG 3130 Exam 4 EXAM 2026/2027
LATEST EXAM TEST
UNDER NEW GUIDELINE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS PERFECT TO PASS 2026/2027
NSG 3130 Exam 4 TEST EXAM
1. What are the components of the heart?
A. The lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen
B. The pump, the electrical system, the vascular system, and the blood volume
C. The atria, ventricles, valves, and nerves only
D. The arteries, veins, capillaries, and plasma
Answer: B
Rationale: The components of the heart include the pump, the electrical system, the vascular
system, and the blood volume.
2. What is the significance of serum lipid levels?
A. They measure kidney function only
B. Fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow; LDL should be less than 130, HDL greater
than 45 in males and 55 in females, total cholesterol less than 200, and triglycerides less than 160
in males and 135 in females
C. They determine blood type
D. They measure oxygen-carrying capacity
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated lipid levels increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
3. Why are serum electrolytes important?
A. They determine blood type
B. They can affect the conduction of the heart
C. They increase hemoglobin production
D. They reduce blood pressure directly
Answer: B
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances can interfere with the heart's electrical conduction system.
4. What is hemoglobin?
A. A clotting protein in plasma
B. An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen
C. A hormone produced by the kidneys
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09 September 2026
D. A white blood cell protein
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin carries oxygen by reversibly binding it within red blood cells.
5. What does an elevated creatinine kinase and troponin level indicate?
A. Kidney failure
B. Cardiac cell death, usually indicating a myocardial infarction (MI)
C. Liver disease
D. Pulmonary embolism only
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated creatinine kinase and troponin are markers of myocardial injury.
6. What is preload?
A. The pressure in the arteries during systole
B. The amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole
C. The resistance to blood flow during systole
D. The amount of blood ejected from the heart each minute
Answer: B
Rationale: Preload is the amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole and
increases with increased volume.
7. What is afterload?
A. The volume of blood returning to the heart
B. The resistance that the ventricle must overcome to eject blood during systole
C. The heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
D. The filling pressure of the atria
Answer: B
Rationale: Afterload is the resistance against which the ventricle pumps and increases with
hypertension or vasoconstriction.
8. How is cardiac output calculated?
A. Heart rate × Blood pressure
B. Heart rate × Stroke volume
C. Stroke volume × Blood pressure
D. Heart rate + Stroke volume
Answer: B
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09 September 2026
Rationale: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.
9. Which lifespan consideration is associated with older adults?
A. Heart rate increases significantly with age
B. Heart rate decreases and cardiac output declines due to loss of muscle tone
C. Blood pressure decreases with age
D. Atherosclerosis is uncommon in older adults
Answer: B
Rationale: Aging is associated with a lower heart rate, decreased cardiac output, and increased blood
pressure.
10. Which populations are more likely to develop chronic hypertension and heart disease?
A. Asian and Pacific Islander populations
B. African American and Hispanic populations
C. Native American populations only
D. European populations only
Answer: B
Rationale: African American and Hispanic populations have a higher risk of chronic hypertension and
heart disease.
11. Which is a geriatric cardiovascular concern?
A. Increased baroreceptor response
B. Blood vessels become less elastic, valves stiffen, and baroreceptor response decreases
C. Increased cardiac output with age
D. Increased vascular elasticity
Answer: B
Rationale: Older adults experience decreased vessel elasticity, valve stiffness, and reduced
baroreceptor responsiveness.
12. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A. Stress
B. Lifestyle
C. Age
D. Diet
Answer: C
Rationale: Non-modifiable risk factors include age, race, family history, gender, and ethnicity.
09 September 2026
NSG 3130 Exam 4 EXAM 2026/2027
LATEST EXAM TEST
UNDER NEW GUIDELINE 100 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS PERFECT TO PASS 2026/2027
NSG 3130 Exam 4 TEST EXAM
1. What are the components of the heart?
A. The lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen
B. The pump, the electrical system, the vascular system, and the blood volume
C. The atria, ventricles, valves, and nerves only
D. The arteries, veins, capillaries, and plasma
Answer: B
Rationale: The components of the heart include the pump, the electrical system, the vascular
system, and the blood volume.
2. What is the significance of serum lipid levels?
A. They measure kidney function only
B. Fats can clog blood vessels and decrease blood flow; LDL should be less than 130, HDL greater
than 45 in males and 55 in females, total cholesterol less than 200, and triglycerides less than 160
in males and 135 in females
C. They determine blood type
D. They measure oxygen-carrying capacity
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated lipid levels increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
3. Why are serum electrolytes important?
A. They determine blood type
B. They can affect the conduction of the heart
C. They increase hemoglobin production
D. They reduce blood pressure directly
Answer: B
Rationale: Electrolyte imbalances can interfere with the heart's electrical conduction system.
4. What is hemoglobin?
A. A clotting protein in plasma
B. An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen
C. A hormone produced by the kidneys
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09 September 2026
D. A white blood cell protein
Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin carries oxygen by reversibly binding it within red blood cells.
5. What does an elevated creatinine kinase and troponin level indicate?
A. Kidney failure
B. Cardiac cell death, usually indicating a myocardial infarction (MI)
C. Liver disease
D. Pulmonary embolism only
Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated creatinine kinase and troponin are markers of myocardial injury.
6. What is preload?
A. The pressure in the arteries during systole
B. The amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole
C. The resistance to blood flow during systole
D. The amount of blood ejected from the heart each minute
Answer: B
Rationale: Preload is the amount of blood and pressure in the ventricle at the end of diastole and
increases with increased volume.
7. What is afterload?
A. The volume of blood returning to the heart
B. The resistance that the ventricle must overcome to eject blood during systole
C. The heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
D. The filling pressure of the atria
Answer: B
Rationale: Afterload is the resistance against which the ventricle pumps and increases with
hypertension or vasoconstriction.
8. How is cardiac output calculated?
A. Heart rate × Blood pressure
B. Heart rate × Stroke volume
C. Stroke volume × Blood pressure
D. Heart rate + Stroke volume
Answer: B
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09 September 2026
Rationale: Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate by stroke volume.
9. Which lifespan consideration is associated with older adults?
A. Heart rate increases significantly with age
B. Heart rate decreases and cardiac output declines due to loss of muscle tone
C. Blood pressure decreases with age
D. Atherosclerosis is uncommon in older adults
Answer: B
Rationale: Aging is associated with a lower heart rate, decreased cardiac output, and increased blood
pressure.
10. Which populations are more likely to develop chronic hypertension and heart disease?
A. Asian and Pacific Islander populations
B. African American and Hispanic populations
C. Native American populations only
D. European populations only
Answer: B
Rationale: African American and Hispanic populations have a higher risk of chronic hypertension and
heart disease.
11. Which is a geriatric cardiovascular concern?
A. Increased baroreceptor response
B. Blood vessels become less elastic, valves stiffen, and baroreceptor response decreases
C. Increased cardiac output with age
D. Increased vascular elasticity
Answer: B
Rationale: Older adults experience decreased vessel elasticity, valve stiffness, and reduced
baroreceptor responsiveness.
12. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A. Stress
B. Lifestyle
C. Age
D. Diet
Answer: C
Rationale: Non-modifiable risk factors include age, race, family history, gender, and ethnicity.
