WGU D582 INTRO TO STATS FOR
RESEARCH COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Sample
Answer: A subgroup of the population. Eg, "the 1 bedroom apartments
with dishwashers."
●● Steps in the statistics process
Answer: 1. PRODUCE DATA (by studying a sample of the population)
2. EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS (Summarize data.)
3. PROBABILITY ANALYSIS (Determine how the sample may differ
from the population.)
4. INFERENCE (draw conclusions)
●● Data
Answer: pieces of info about individuals organized into variables
●● Individual
Answer: a particular person or object
●● Variable
,Answer: a particular characteristic of the individual
●● Dataset
Answer: a set of data identified with particular circumstances. Typically
displayed in tables with rows as the individuals and columns as the
variables
●● Quantitative vs Categorical/Qualitative variables
Answer: Quantitaive: Numerical values. Represent a measurement.
Categorical: category or label values into which individuals are grouped.
●● Three steps in Exploratory Data Analysis
Answer: 1. Organize and SUMMARIZE raw data
2. DISCOVER important features and patterns and striking deviations.
3. INTERPRET findings in the context of the problem
●● Examining Distributions
Answer: exploring data obtained from one variable at a time
●● Examining Relationships
Answer: exploring data obtained from two variables at a time
●● Distribution
, Answer: what values the variable takes, how often
●● Three types of graphical displays of categorical distributions
Answer: 1. Pie Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Pictogram
●● Bins
Answer: ranges of data to make charting easier, like a bar chart where
each bar shows a range like 70-80%
●● Numerical Summaries
Answer: category counts and percentages
●● Four types of Graphical displays of Quantitative Variables
Answer: 1. Histogram
2. Stemplot
3. Dotplot
4. Boxplot
●● Histogram
Answer: like a bar chart but the x axis is numerical, in order. Eg: x axis
is years, y axis is Men's income and Women's income. Or, the x axis is
RESEARCH COMPLETE EXAM REVIEW
WITH FULL SOLUTIONS
●● Sample
Answer: A subgroup of the population. Eg, "the 1 bedroom apartments
with dishwashers."
●● Steps in the statistics process
Answer: 1. PRODUCE DATA (by studying a sample of the population)
2. EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS (Summarize data.)
3. PROBABILITY ANALYSIS (Determine how the sample may differ
from the population.)
4. INFERENCE (draw conclusions)
●● Data
Answer: pieces of info about individuals organized into variables
●● Individual
Answer: a particular person or object
●● Variable
,Answer: a particular characteristic of the individual
●● Dataset
Answer: a set of data identified with particular circumstances. Typically
displayed in tables with rows as the individuals and columns as the
variables
●● Quantitative vs Categorical/Qualitative variables
Answer: Quantitaive: Numerical values. Represent a measurement.
Categorical: category or label values into which individuals are grouped.
●● Three steps in Exploratory Data Analysis
Answer: 1. Organize and SUMMARIZE raw data
2. DISCOVER important features and patterns and striking deviations.
3. INTERPRET findings in the context of the problem
●● Examining Distributions
Answer: exploring data obtained from one variable at a time
●● Examining Relationships
Answer: exploring data obtained from two variables at a time
●● Distribution
, Answer: what values the variable takes, how often
●● Three types of graphical displays of categorical distributions
Answer: 1. Pie Charts
2. Bar Charts
3. Pictogram
●● Bins
Answer: ranges of data to make charting easier, like a bar chart where
each bar shows a range like 70-80%
●● Numerical Summaries
Answer: category counts and percentages
●● Four types of Graphical displays of Quantitative Variables
Answer: 1. Histogram
2. Stemplot
3. Dotplot
4. Boxplot
●● Histogram
Answer: like a bar chart but the x axis is numerical, in order. Eg: x axis
is years, y axis is Men's income and Women's income. Or, the x axis is
