NURS 370 EXAM 2 Actual Questions and Correct Answers
Q1
Obj. #1 Describe general principles of growth and development
Answer: interrelated and interdependent processes-highly individualized-has a pattern-growth is
related to
increase in height and weight-general principles of growth and development include:
cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, differentiation
Q2
Cephalocaudal
Answer: starts at the head and moves downwardExample: The child can control the head and
neck before the
arms and legs
Q3
proximodistal
Answer: starts in the center and proceeds to the periphery Example: Movement and control of the
trunk
section of the body occurs before movement and control ofthe arms
Q4
differentiation
Answer: simple to complex progression of achievement of developmental milestonesExample:
The child learns
to crawl before learning towalk
Q5
what does failure to thrive mean?
Answer: failure to grow and develop at an expected rate can mean that a child is failing to thrive.
the diagnosis
of failure to thrive is given to children who fall below the 5th percentile ranges on height and
weight
charts
,Q6
what are the six developmental outcomes categories?
Answer: physical/physiological development-motor development-social/emotional
development-cognitive
development-communication development-adaptive development
Q7
Physical/physiological development
Answer: refers to the growth and changes in body tissues andorgan systems and the result of
change in function
and proportion of the body
Q8
motor development
Answer: two categories: gross and fine motor-gross: involve the use of large muscles to move
about the
environment (walking, running, walking up and down the stairs, etc.)-fine: use of small muscles in
an
increasinglycoordinated and precise manner (writing letters, writing words, holding a pencil, etc.)
Q9
social/emotional development
Answer: development of self understanding, understanding others, and understanding social
interactions-knowledge of social/emotional skills is criticalbecause it directs effective
communication
Q10
Cognitive development
Answer: working memory capacity, cognitive self regulation, and the processing and use of
information about
the environment and objects in the environment-these processes underlie the development of
critical
thinking skills and execute functioning which includes learning, forming concepts, understanding,
problem solving, reasoning, remembering, and thinking abstractly
, Q11
communication development
Answer: simple speech begins with utterances of consonants which then increases to include
vowels then
single words are formed and then two and three word combinations arise, leading to the
development
of meaningful phrases and sentences-language explosion is a demonstration of frontallobe
development and typically occurs in children 18 mo- 3 years of age
Q12
adaptive development
Answer: refers to skills that enable independence at home and in the community-adaptive skills
are learned
and include self careactivities such as dressing/undressing, eating and feeding, tolieting,
grooming, etc
Q13
Categories ofdevelopment
Answer: physical/physiologic, motoric, social/emotional,cognitive, communication, adaptive
Q14
Obj. #2 Define cognitive growth and development according to Jean Piaget: identified the following
characteristics of cognitive development
Answer: development is a sequential and orderly process, moving from stages that are simple to
complex-cognitive acts occur as the child adapts to the surrounding environment-the child's
experience
with the environment naturally encourages growth and maturaiton-child must accommodate new
or
complex problems by drawing on past experiences-there can be overlap between the Childs age
andstage of development
Q15
developmental milestones: fine motor
Answer: Birth to 1 month: open fingers slightly at rest-2 to 3 months: grasps toys, open and
closes hands, eyes
follow object to midline, blows bubbles-6 to 8 months: bangs objects on table and can transfer
object
from hand to hand-1 year: Can hold crayon and may mark on paper, begins to use objects
correctly-2 to
3 years: learning to dress self and can draw simple shapes-4 to 5 years: dresses independently
and uses
scissors
Q1
Obj. #1 Describe general principles of growth and development
Answer: interrelated and interdependent processes-highly individualized-has a pattern-growth is
related to
increase in height and weight-general principles of growth and development include:
cephalocaudal,
proximodistal, differentiation
Q2
Cephalocaudal
Answer: starts at the head and moves downwardExample: The child can control the head and
neck before the
arms and legs
Q3
proximodistal
Answer: starts in the center and proceeds to the periphery Example: Movement and control of the
trunk
section of the body occurs before movement and control ofthe arms
Q4
differentiation
Answer: simple to complex progression of achievement of developmental milestonesExample:
The child learns
to crawl before learning towalk
Q5
what does failure to thrive mean?
Answer: failure to grow and develop at an expected rate can mean that a child is failing to thrive.
the diagnosis
of failure to thrive is given to children who fall below the 5th percentile ranges on height and
weight
charts
,Q6
what are the six developmental outcomes categories?
Answer: physical/physiological development-motor development-social/emotional
development-cognitive
development-communication development-adaptive development
Q7
Physical/physiological development
Answer: refers to the growth and changes in body tissues andorgan systems and the result of
change in function
and proportion of the body
Q8
motor development
Answer: two categories: gross and fine motor-gross: involve the use of large muscles to move
about the
environment (walking, running, walking up and down the stairs, etc.)-fine: use of small muscles in
an
increasinglycoordinated and precise manner (writing letters, writing words, holding a pencil, etc.)
Q9
social/emotional development
Answer: development of self understanding, understanding others, and understanding social
interactions-knowledge of social/emotional skills is criticalbecause it directs effective
communication
Q10
Cognitive development
Answer: working memory capacity, cognitive self regulation, and the processing and use of
information about
the environment and objects in the environment-these processes underlie the development of
critical
thinking skills and execute functioning which includes learning, forming concepts, understanding,
problem solving, reasoning, remembering, and thinking abstractly
, Q11
communication development
Answer: simple speech begins with utterances of consonants which then increases to include
vowels then
single words are formed and then two and three word combinations arise, leading to the
development
of meaningful phrases and sentences-language explosion is a demonstration of frontallobe
development and typically occurs in children 18 mo- 3 years of age
Q12
adaptive development
Answer: refers to skills that enable independence at home and in the community-adaptive skills
are learned
and include self careactivities such as dressing/undressing, eating and feeding, tolieting,
grooming, etc
Q13
Categories ofdevelopment
Answer: physical/physiologic, motoric, social/emotional,cognitive, communication, adaptive
Q14
Obj. #2 Define cognitive growth and development according to Jean Piaget: identified the following
characteristics of cognitive development
Answer: development is a sequential and orderly process, moving from stages that are simple to
complex-cognitive acts occur as the child adapts to the surrounding environment-the child's
experience
with the environment naturally encourages growth and maturaiton-child must accommodate new
or
complex problems by drawing on past experiences-there can be overlap between the Childs age
andstage of development
Q15
developmental milestones: fine motor
Answer: Birth to 1 month: open fingers slightly at rest-2 to 3 months: grasps toys, open and
closes hands, eyes
follow object to midline, blows bubbles-6 to 8 months: bangs objects on table and can transfer
object
from hand to hand-1 year: Can hold crayon and may mark on paper, begins to use objects
correctly-2 to
3 years: learning to dress self and can draw simple shapes-4 to 5 years: dresses independently
and uses
scissors
