NURS 370 Exam 4 Actual Questions and Correct Answers
Q1
Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
Answer: Method of providing nutrients to the body by aperipheral or central IV route
Q2
Parenteral Nutrition (what are goals)
Answer: Improve nutritional status-Establish a positive nitrogen balance-Maintain muscle
mass-Promote weight
maintenance or gain-Support the healing process
Q3
Parenteral Nutrition (what should one be monitoring)
Answer: Glucose levels-Lab results (CBC, platelet count, & chemistry panel; serum CO2,
magnesium,
phosphorus, triglycerides, & prealbumin; 24 hour urine nitrogen)-Response to
therapy-Weight-I&O-Respiratory status if fluid overload-Infection
Q4
Enteral Feedings (why use them)
Answer: To meet nutritional requirements when oral intake isinadequate or not possible & the GI
tract is
functioning normally
Q5
Enteral Feedings (types)
Answer: NG: Nasogastric tube, nose to stomach-Orogastric Tube: mouth to stomach-Postpyloric
Tube: mouth
or nose to duodenal or jejunal-PEG: through abdomen into stomach
Q6
Enteral Feedings (interventions/assessments)
Answer: Assess the pt before tube placement-Preparing the pt-Inserting the tube (Fowler
position)-Confirming
placement-Securing the tube-Monitoring the pt & maintaining tube function-Administering
meds-Unclogging tubes-Providing oral & nasal hygiene-Monitoring & managing potential
complications-Removing the tube-Unclogging the tube-Prevention of aspiration
,Q7
High Calorie High Protein Diet
Answer: Meat, fish, and poultry-Milk & milk products. Add powdered milk to other foods (such as
pudding or
soups) to boost the protein-Eggs-Cooked dried beans & peas-Peanut butter, nuts, &
seeds-Tofu-Cheeses-Protein bars
Q8
Oral Cancers (risk factors)
Answer: Alcohol use-Tobacco use-More common in men than women (but becoming more
equal)-More
common in African Americans than Caucasians-Sun & wind exposure-Smoked meat
ingestion-Dietary
deficiencies
Q9
Oral Cancers (complications)
Answer: As it progresses they develop difficulty chewing, swallowing, and enlarged cervical
lymph
nodes-Frequently metastasizes to the lymphatic system, necessitating neck dissection surgery
Q10
Hiatal Hernia
Answer: The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes becomes enlarged,
& part of the
upper stomach tends to move up into the lower portion of the thorax
Q11
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
Answer: Occurs when the upper stomach & the gastroesophageal junction are displaced upward
& slide in & out
of the thorax
Q12
Sliding Hiatal Hernia (complications)
Answer: Severe GERD-Lung problems or pneumonia-Torsion (twisting) of the stomach that can
lead to
restriction of blood flow to the area
, Q13
Hiatal Hernia (lifestyle modifications)
Answer: Frequent small feedings-Do not decline for 1 hour after eating-Elevate head of the bed on
4-8 inch
blocks to prevent hernia from sliding upward
Q14
GERD (risk factors)
Answer: Obesity-Hiatal hernia-Pregnancy-Connective tissue disorders, such as
scleroderma-Delayed stomach
emptying
Q15
GERD (s&s)
Answer: Pyrosis (burning sensation in the esophagus)-Dyspepsia
(indigestion)-Regurgitation-Dysphagia or
odynophagia (pain on swallowing)-Hypersalivation-Esophagitis
Q16
GERD (complications)
Answer: Esophageal stricture-Esophageal ulcer-Barrett's esophagus-Esophageal cancer
Q17
GERD (pt teaching)
Answer: Eat a low-fat diet; to avoid caffeine, tobacco, beer, milk, foods containing peppermint or
spearmint, &
carbonated beverages-Avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime-Maintain normal body
weight-Avoid tight fitting clothes-Elevate head of the bed on 6-8 inch blocks-Elevate the upper
body on
pillows-if reflux persists take antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs, or prokinetic
agents-Surgery if
medical management is unsuccessful
Q18
GERD (tx)
Answer: Lifestyle modifications (diet, sleeping with head elevated, positioning)-PPIs & prokinetic
agents (drugs
that accelerate gastric emptying)-H2 blockers (Ranitidine & Famotidine) blockhistamine which
causes a
decrease in the secretion of hydrochloric acid
Q1
Parenteral Nutrition (PN)
Answer: Method of providing nutrients to the body by aperipheral or central IV route
Q2
Parenteral Nutrition (what are goals)
Answer: Improve nutritional status-Establish a positive nitrogen balance-Maintain muscle
mass-Promote weight
maintenance or gain-Support the healing process
Q3
Parenteral Nutrition (what should one be monitoring)
Answer: Glucose levels-Lab results (CBC, platelet count, & chemistry panel; serum CO2,
magnesium,
phosphorus, triglycerides, & prealbumin; 24 hour urine nitrogen)-Response to
therapy-Weight-I&O-Respiratory status if fluid overload-Infection
Q4
Enteral Feedings (why use them)
Answer: To meet nutritional requirements when oral intake isinadequate or not possible & the GI
tract is
functioning normally
Q5
Enteral Feedings (types)
Answer: NG: Nasogastric tube, nose to stomach-Orogastric Tube: mouth to stomach-Postpyloric
Tube: mouth
or nose to duodenal or jejunal-PEG: through abdomen into stomach
Q6
Enteral Feedings (interventions/assessments)
Answer: Assess the pt before tube placement-Preparing the pt-Inserting the tube (Fowler
position)-Confirming
placement-Securing the tube-Monitoring the pt & maintaining tube function-Administering
meds-Unclogging tubes-Providing oral & nasal hygiene-Monitoring & managing potential
complications-Removing the tube-Unclogging the tube-Prevention of aspiration
,Q7
High Calorie High Protein Diet
Answer: Meat, fish, and poultry-Milk & milk products. Add powdered milk to other foods (such as
pudding or
soups) to boost the protein-Eggs-Cooked dried beans & peas-Peanut butter, nuts, &
seeds-Tofu-Cheeses-Protein bars
Q8
Oral Cancers (risk factors)
Answer: Alcohol use-Tobacco use-More common in men than women (but becoming more
equal)-More
common in African Americans than Caucasians-Sun & wind exposure-Smoked meat
ingestion-Dietary
deficiencies
Q9
Oral Cancers (complications)
Answer: As it progresses they develop difficulty chewing, swallowing, and enlarged cervical
lymph
nodes-Frequently metastasizes to the lymphatic system, necessitating neck dissection surgery
Q10
Hiatal Hernia
Answer: The opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes becomes enlarged,
& part of the
upper stomach tends to move up into the lower portion of the thorax
Q11
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
Answer: Occurs when the upper stomach & the gastroesophageal junction are displaced upward
& slide in & out
of the thorax
Q12
Sliding Hiatal Hernia (complications)
Answer: Severe GERD-Lung problems or pneumonia-Torsion (twisting) of the stomach that can
lead to
restriction of blood flow to the area
, Q13
Hiatal Hernia (lifestyle modifications)
Answer: Frequent small feedings-Do not decline for 1 hour after eating-Elevate head of the bed on
4-8 inch
blocks to prevent hernia from sliding upward
Q14
GERD (risk factors)
Answer: Obesity-Hiatal hernia-Pregnancy-Connective tissue disorders, such as
scleroderma-Delayed stomach
emptying
Q15
GERD (s&s)
Answer: Pyrosis (burning sensation in the esophagus)-Dyspepsia
(indigestion)-Regurgitation-Dysphagia or
odynophagia (pain on swallowing)-Hypersalivation-Esophagitis
Q16
GERD (complications)
Answer: Esophageal stricture-Esophageal ulcer-Barrett's esophagus-Esophageal cancer
Q17
GERD (pt teaching)
Answer: Eat a low-fat diet; to avoid caffeine, tobacco, beer, milk, foods containing peppermint or
spearmint, &
carbonated beverages-Avoid eating or drinking 2 hours before bedtime-Maintain normal body
weight-Avoid tight fitting clothes-Elevate head of the bed on 6-8 inch blocks-Elevate the upper
body on
pillows-if reflux persists take antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs, or prokinetic
agents-Surgery if
medical management is unsuccessful
Q18
GERD (tx)
Answer: Lifestyle modifications (diet, sleeping with head elevated, positioning)-PPIs & prokinetic
agents (drugs
that accelerate gastric emptying)-H2 blockers (Ranitidine & Famotidine) blockhistamine which
causes a
decrease in the secretion of hydrochloric acid
