GORDIS EPIDEMIOLOGY 6TH EDITION
CELENTANO TEST BANK CHAPTERS 1
THROUGH 20 EXAM SCRIPT TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION
⩥ ratio.
Answer: divide one quantity by another, no specified relationship
between numerator and denominator. Example; 1000 motorcycle
fatalities 950 are men, 50 women 950/50= 19:1 male to female. It's a
general term that includes specific measures such as proportion,
percentage and rate
⩥ proportion.
Answer: numerator is part of the denominator, may be expressed as
percentage. Example; number of fetal deaths over the total number of
births.
⩥ rates.
Answer: A ratio with a distinct relationship between numerator and
denominator and a measure of time is an intrinsic part of the
denominator. Example; number of clods per 1000 elementary school
students during a one month period.
,⩥ disease incidence.
Answer: # of NEW cases of a disease occurring during a specified
period of time in a population at risk for the disease; describes the rate of
development of a disease in a group over a certain period of time. *AT
RISK if they DO NOT HAVE IT
⩥ cumulative incidence.
Answer: the incidence calculated when all persons within the
denominator are considered to be at risk for the disease for the same
period of time.
⩥ incidence rate/incidence density.
Answer: denominator consists of the sum of different times each
individual was at risk -- expressed as person-time (cases per person-
years)
⩥ prevalence.
Answer: the number of EXISTING CASES of a disease or health
condition in a population at some designated time. Time can be short or
long; =incidence x duration of disease
--useful for determining the extent of disease or health problems, and for
assessing the public health impact. It may be used to estimate the
likelihood of having disease in population
⩥ Point Prevalence.
, Answer: number ill at a point in time divided by the total number in
group at a point in time.
⩥ Period Prevalence.
Answer: number ill during a time period divided by the average
population during a time period.
⩥ Cumulative/Lifetime prevalence.
Answer: prevalence of a disease during the lifetime of an individual.
(have you ever had syphilis, how many times have you fallen?).
Equivalent to a lifetime incidence, especially if length of the lifetime is
accounted for. However, it is highly subject to recall bias.
⩥ incidence/prevalence issues.
Answer: •Numerators: defining who has the disease
•How do you find the persons with the disease?
•Problems with recording data/ hospital data
oHospital admissions are selective
oHospital records are designed for treatment/administration, not study
oDenominator- what population is represented by cases identified at a
hospital?
•Denominators- undercounting of minority groups
•Definition of persons at risk
CELENTANO TEST BANK CHAPTERS 1
THROUGH 20 EXAM SCRIPT TESTED
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
PRACTICE SOLUTION
⩥ ratio.
Answer: divide one quantity by another, no specified relationship
between numerator and denominator. Example; 1000 motorcycle
fatalities 950 are men, 50 women 950/50= 19:1 male to female. It's a
general term that includes specific measures such as proportion,
percentage and rate
⩥ proportion.
Answer: numerator is part of the denominator, may be expressed as
percentage. Example; number of fetal deaths over the total number of
births.
⩥ rates.
Answer: A ratio with a distinct relationship between numerator and
denominator and a measure of time is an intrinsic part of the
denominator. Example; number of clods per 1000 elementary school
students during a one month period.
,⩥ disease incidence.
Answer: # of NEW cases of a disease occurring during a specified
period of time in a population at risk for the disease; describes the rate of
development of a disease in a group over a certain period of time. *AT
RISK if they DO NOT HAVE IT
⩥ cumulative incidence.
Answer: the incidence calculated when all persons within the
denominator are considered to be at risk for the disease for the same
period of time.
⩥ incidence rate/incidence density.
Answer: denominator consists of the sum of different times each
individual was at risk -- expressed as person-time (cases per person-
years)
⩥ prevalence.
Answer: the number of EXISTING CASES of a disease or health
condition in a population at some designated time. Time can be short or
long; =incidence x duration of disease
--useful for determining the extent of disease or health problems, and for
assessing the public health impact. It may be used to estimate the
likelihood of having disease in population
⩥ Point Prevalence.
, Answer: number ill at a point in time divided by the total number in
group at a point in time.
⩥ Period Prevalence.
Answer: number ill during a time period divided by the average
population during a time period.
⩥ Cumulative/Lifetime prevalence.
Answer: prevalence of a disease during the lifetime of an individual.
(have you ever had syphilis, how many times have you fallen?).
Equivalent to a lifetime incidence, especially if length of the lifetime is
accounted for. However, it is highly subject to recall bias.
⩥ incidence/prevalence issues.
Answer: •Numerators: defining who has the disease
•How do you find the persons with the disease?
•Problems with recording data/ hospital data
oHospital admissions are selective
oHospital records are designed for treatment/administration, not study
oDenominator- what population is represented by cases identified at a
hospital?
•Denominators- undercounting of minority groups
•Definition of persons at risk
