NM702 EXAM 2 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026
◉ *Presumptive* signs of pregnancy
Answer: -Subjective symptoms & findings perceived by the woman
that lead her to believe she is pregnant.
-Least accurate method of diagnosis.
-Considered suggestive but not diagnostic
◉ What would a provider examine & expect find while gathering
more information to determine whether or not a woman is
pregnant?
Answer: • Palpate Enlarged uterus
• Check for vaginal signs
• cervical changes
• palpation of fetus
• pregnancy test results
◉ Uterine sizing to date pregnancy
Answer: ● 6-11 weeks: bimanual exam
● 12-20 weeks: by fingerbreadths
● @ 16 wks 1/2 bet Symphysis pubis & umbilicus
,● @ 20 weeks is at umbilicus
● 22-38 weeks: measurement in cms (correlates w/gestational
week by +/-2-3 cm) *important providers in same practice are doing
it the same way.
● Plastic or paper tape measure
● Look for Consistency in your measurements of growth
● Obese women may measure larger, look for consistency
◉ What are 3 limitations of using LNMP for estimating gestational
age?
Answer: 1. Women often don't know their LNMP
2. Even if LNMP is known, this doesn't indicate when ovulation
occurred
3. Reliance on LMP tends to under-estimate length of gestation and
may lead to over-diagnosis of post-dates pregnancy
◉ What measurement is most accurate for establishing EDB by
ultrasound in the first trimester (13 6/7 weeks or less)?
Answer: Crown rump length (CRL)
◉ What are the margins of error for gestational age accuracy
between
1. 6.0 -8.6 weeks?
2. 9.0-13.6 weeks?
,3. 14.0-15.6 weeks?
4. 16.0-21.6 weeks?
Answer: 1. 5 days (CRL),
2. 7 days (CRL) ,
3. 7 days (composite estimation of BPD, FL, AC, HC)
4. 10 days (composite estimation BPD, FL, AC, HC)
◉ Probable signs of pregnancy
Answer: Things observed/felt by the provider
◉ Positive signs of pregnancy
Answer: findings attributable directly to the fetus and cannot be
explained by any other cause
◉ Examples of positive signs of pregnancy
Answer: • Fetal heart activity,
• Fetus seen on ultrasound
• palpation of fetal movement
◉ A woman takes a pregnancy test at home the day she missed her
period and it was negative. What does this mean?
A. She's definitely not pregnant
, B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
Answer: A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. *She might be pregnant*
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
◉ hormone do pregnancy tests depend on?
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
Answer: A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. *Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)*
C. The development of the morula
◉ What are the uses for pregnancy tests?
A. Diagnosing pregnancy
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
Answer: A. *Diagnosing pregnancy*
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
GUIDE 2026
◉ *Presumptive* signs of pregnancy
Answer: -Subjective symptoms & findings perceived by the woman
that lead her to believe she is pregnant.
-Least accurate method of diagnosis.
-Considered suggestive but not diagnostic
◉ What would a provider examine & expect find while gathering
more information to determine whether or not a woman is
pregnant?
Answer: • Palpate Enlarged uterus
• Check for vaginal signs
• cervical changes
• palpation of fetus
• pregnancy test results
◉ Uterine sizing to date pregnancy
Answer: ● 6-11 weeks: bimanual exam
● 12-20 weeks: by fingerbreadths
● @ 16 wks 1/2 bet Symphysis pubis & umbilicus
,● @ 20 weeks is at umbilicus
● 22-38 weeks: measurement in cms (correlates w/gestational
week by +/-2-3 cm) *important providers in same practice are doing
it the same way.
● Plastic or paper tape measure
● Look for Consistency in your measurements of growth
● Obese women may measure larger, look for consistency
◉ What are 3 limitations of using LNMP for estimating gestational
age?
Answer: 1. Women often don't know their LNMP
2. Even if LNMP is known, this doesn't indicate when ovulation
occurred
3. Reliance on LMP tends to under-estimate length of gestation and
may lead to over-diagnosis of post-dates pregnancy
◉ What measurement is most accurate for establishing EDB by
ultrasound in the first trimester (13 6/7 weeks or less)?
Answer: Crown rump length (CRL)
◉ What are the margins of error for gestational age accuracy
between
1. 6.0 -8.6 weeks?
2. 9.0-13.6 weeks?
,3. 14.0-15.6 weeks?
4. 16.0-21.6 weeks?
Answer: 1. 5 days (CRL),
2. 7 days (CRL) ,
3. 7 days (composite estimation of BPD, FL, AC, HC)
4. 10 days (composite estimation BPD, FL, AC, HC)
◉ Probable signs of pregnancy
Answer: Things observed/felt by the provider
◉ Positive signs of pregnancy
Answer: findings attributable directly to the fetus and cannot be
explained by any other cause
◉ Examples of positive signs of pregnancy
Answer: • Fetal heart activity,
• Fetus seen on ultrasound
• palpation of fetal movement
◉ A woman takes a pregnancy test at home the day she missed her
period and it was negative. What does this mean?
A. She's definitely not pregnant
, B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
Answer: A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. *She might be pregnant*
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
◉ hormone do pregnancy tests depend on?
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
Answer: A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. *Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)*
C. The development of the morula
◉ What are the uses for pregnancy tests?
A. Diagnosing pregnancy
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
Answer: A. *Diagnosing pregnancy*
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
