NLN-PAX Science Exam 100% Verified Questions &
Answers
Q: Cell
Answer:
the smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things.
Q: Nucleus
Answer:
contains the genetic information, or DNA, and controls the activities of the cell.
Q: Plasma (cell) membrane
Answer:
separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding fluid (interstitial fluid)
Q: Semipermeable membrane
Answer:
refers to the selective nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels that allow only particles of the right
size or the right chemical nature to pass through.
Q: Interstitial fluide - contains substances such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones, neurotr
Answer:
mitters, and salts.
Q: is the fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that acts as scaffolding for the organelles.
Answer:
Cytoplasm
Q: Organelles - (little org
Answer:
) are specialized units in the cell that per form certain functions.
Q: are the locations for cellular respiration, that is, the conversion of food to energy at the cellular level. The site of
energy production and of most of its ATP.
Answer:
Mitochondria
Q: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - the chemical the cell uses to store and tr
Answer:
,fer energy within itself.
Q: Ribosomes
Answer:
are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
Q: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Ribosomes are attached. Serves as a me
Answer:
for transport within the cell and is made up of many channels. Rough endoplasmic reticulum named for the fact that it has
ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver the proteins made by the attached ribosomes. Smooth ER is free of
ribosomes it performs varying functions in different cells, including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding
of proteins, among other things. It is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats.
Q: Golgi complex
Answer:
modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell.
Q: are sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes. These sacs are responsible for digesting cell structures that are no
longer living or that are malfunctioning, and for digesting waste.
Answer:
Lysosomes
Q: Cell wall
Answer:
Only plant cells have them. It is responsible for the protection of the cell, the maintenance of the shape, and water balance.
Q: Chloroplasts
Answer:
contain chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Q: Vacuoles
Answer:
plant cells also often large ones. Which are compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion, and
storage.
Q: Chromatin
Answer:
DNA is in this loosely structured form when it is not dividing
Q: Chromosomes
Answer:
,DNA is seen in condensed rod-shaped bodies when the cell is dividing
Q: When cells divide, the appropriate amount of genetic material must be passed on to the new, or so-called daughter,
cells. In somatic (non reproductive) cells, the new cells are identical copies of the parent cells. This is achieved by a
doubling of the chromosomes prior to division. It is useful in the growth and repair of our bodies.
Answer:
Mitosis
Q: Zygote
Answer:
the cell created by the union of a sperm and egg contains a full set of chromosomes, half from each parent.
Q: Meiosis
Answer:
Another type of division takes place in the production of gametes. It contains half of the normal number of chromosomes.
It consists first of doubling of chromosomes and then two subsequent divisions. Thus the products are four daughter cells,
each with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Q: Muscle tissue
Answer:
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Q: Epithelial tissue
Answer:
skin, the lining of organs
Q: Nervous tissue
Answer:
neurons
Q: Connective tissue
Answer:
cartilage, blood, fat, bone
Q: Organ
Answer:
performs a specialized function in the body.
Q: Organ system - made up of a number of org
Answer:
working together to carry out a major function.
, Q: Organism
Answer:
the highest level of organization such as the human body
Q: is a theory regarding the processes that have produced the biological diversity we see today.
Answer:
Evolution
Q: Natural selection
Answer:
the process by which the traits that promote or enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce are passed on to
following generations.
Q: Adaptation
Answer:
For natural selection to occur, organisms must have variations, some of which give the individuals having them an
advantage in the struggle for survival. The struggle for survival occurs because each generation of a species produces
more offspring than can survive. In this struggle, the individuals best suited to their environment survive ("survival of the
fittest") and pass on the traits to their offspring
Q: Fossil record
Answer:
consists of remnants or traces of organisms from past geologic ages.
Q: Vertebrates
Answer:
animals with backbones
Q: Biogeography
Answer:
the geographical distribution of plants and animals
Q: Comparative anatomy
Answer:
the comparison of organisms' structures
Q: Comparative embryology
Answer:
the comparison of organisms' embryos
Answers
Q: Cell
Answer:
the smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things.
Q: Nucleus
Answer:
contains the genetic information, or DNA, and controls the activities of the cell.
Q: Plasma (cell) membrane
Answer:
separates the contents of the cell from the surrounding fluid (interstitial fluid)
Q: Semipermeable membrane
Answer:
refers to the selective nature of the plasma membrane. It contains pores and channels that allow only particles of the right
size or the right chemical nature to pass through.
Q: Interstitial fluide - contains substances such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones, neurotr
Answer:
mitters, and salts.
Q: is the fluid matrix found between the plasma membrane and the nucleus that acts as scaffolding for the organelles.
Answer:
Cytoplasm
Q: Organelles - (little org
Answer:
) are specialized units in the cell that per form certain functions.
Q: are the locations for cellular respiration, that is, the conversion of food to energy at the cellular level. The site of
energy production and of most of its ATP.
Answer:
Mitochondria
Q: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - the chemical the cell uses to store and tr
Answer:
,fer energy within itself.
Q: Ribosomes
Answer:
are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell
Q: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - Ribosomes are attached. Serves as a me
Answer:
for transport within the cell and is made up of many channels. Rough endoplasmic reticulum named for the fact that it has
ribosomes on its surface, serves to store and deliver the proteins made by the attached ribosomes. Smooth ER is free of
ribosomes it performs varying functions in different cells, including the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding
of proteins, among other things. It is thought to be involved in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats.
Q: Golgi complex
Answer:
modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell.
Q: are sacs that contain strong digestive enzymes. These sacs are responsible for digesting cell structures that are no
longer living or that are malfunctioning, and for digesting waste.
Answer:
Lysosomes
Q: Cell wall
Answer:
Only plant cells have them. It is responsible for the protection of the cell, the maintenance of the shape, and water balance.
Q: Chloroplasts
Answer:
contain chlorophyll, which is necessary for photosynthesis.
Q: Vacuoles
Answer:
plant cells also often large ones. Which are compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion, and
storage.
Q: Chromatin
Answer:
DNA is in this loosely structured form when it is not dividing
Q: Chromosomes
Answer:
,DNA is seen in condensed rod-shaped bodies when the cell is dividing
Q: When cells divide, the appropriate amount of genetic material must be passed on to the new, or so-called daughter,
cells. In somatic (non reproductive) cells, the new cells are identical copies of the parent cells. This is achieved by a
doubling of the chromosomes prior to division. It is useful in the growth and repair of our bodies.
Answer:
Mitosis
Q: Zygote
Answer:
the cell created by the union of a sperm and egg contains a full set of chromosomes, half from each parent.
Q: Meiosis
Answer:
Another type of division takes place in the production of gametes. It contains half of the normal number of chromosomes.
It consists first of doubling of chromosomes and then two subsequent divisions. Thus the products are four daughter cells,
each with half the normal number of chromosomes.
Q: Muscle tissue
Answer:
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
Q: Epithelial tissue
Answer:
skin, the lining of organs
Q: Nervous tissue
Answer:
neurons
Q: Connective tissue
Answer:
cartilage, blood, fat, bone
Q: Organ
Answer:
performs a specialized function in the body.
Q: Organ system - made up of a number of org
Answer:
working together to carry out a major function.
, Q: Organism
Answer:
the highest level of organization such as the human body
Q: is a theory regarding the processes that have produced the biological diversity we see today.
Answer:
Evolution
Q: Natural selection
Answer:
the process by which the traits that promote or enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce are passed on to
following generations.
Q: Adaptation
Answer:
For natural selection to occur, organisms must have variations, some of which give the individuals having them an
advantage in the struggle for survival. The struggle for survival occurs because each generation of a species produces
more offspring than can survive. In this struggle, the individuals best suited to their environment survive ("survival of the
fittest") and pass on the traits to their offspring
Q: Fossil record
Answer:
consists of remnants or traces of organisms from past geologic ages.
Q: Vertebrates
Answer:
animals with backbones
Q: Biogeography
Answer:
the geographical distribution of plants and animals
Q: Comparative anatomy
Answer:
the comparison of organisms' structures
Q: Comparative embryology
Answer:
the comparison of organisms' embryos
