GENETIC ANALYSIS AN INTEGRATED
APPROACH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ Pedigree.
Answer: A family-history diagram used to track inheritance of traits
across generations.
◉ Square in a pedigree.
Answer: Male.
◉ Circle in a pedigree.
Answer: Female.
◉ Diamond in a pedigree.
Answer: Unknown or unspecified sex.
◉ Filled symbol.
Answer: Affected individual.
◉ Open symbol.
, Answer: Unaffected individual.
◉ Roman numerals in pedigrees.
Answer: Generations.
◉ Arabic numerals in pedigrees.
Answer: Individuals within a generation.
◉ Proband.
Answer: The person through whom a family is first brought to
attention.
◉ Consanguinity.
Answer: Mating between related individuals, often shown by a
double line.
◉ 3-step pedigree strategy.
Answer: Determine dominant vs recessive, then autosomal vs sex-
linked, then assign likely genotypes.
◉ Main clue for dominant inheritance.
Answer: Usually appears in every generation.
APPROACH EXAM PREP QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULLY VERIFIED
◉ Pedigree.
Answer: A family-history diagram used to track inheritance of traits
across generations.
◉ Square in a pedigree.
Answer: Male.
◉ Circle in a pedigree.
Answer: Female.
◉ Diamond in a pedigree.
Answer: Unknown or unspecified sex.
◉ Filled symbol.
Answer: Affected individual.
◉ Open symbol.
, Answer: Unaffected individual.
◉ Roman numerals in pedigrees.
Answer: Generations.
◉ Arabic numerals in pedigrees.
Answer: Individuals within a generation.
◉ Proband.
Answer: The person through whom a family is first brought to
attention.
◉ Consanguinity.
Answer: Mating between related individuals, often shown by a
double line.
◉ 3-step pedigree strategy.
Answer: Determine dominant vs recessive, then autosomal vs sex-
linked, then assign likely genotypes.
◉ Main clue for dominant inheritance.
Answer: Usually appears in every generation.