SNC4M Exam Review-Questions, Answers| Newest
Update 2026/2027
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the
population.
Quarantine
isolation to prevent the spread of disease
R0
the number of secondary infections that result from a single infected individual entering a
population of entirely susceptible individuals
Carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the
human body
A nucleotide consists of what theee components?
Nitrogenous base, Pentose sugar, Phosphate group
What is a vector?
Vectors are species that act as a carrier of disease
Define lysogony
Dormant state, viral DNA remains in host chromosomes for many cell cycle generations"
,Define lysis
Rupturing of cell. Newly made viruses release from host cell"
What are prions?
They are incorrectly folded proteins
What are the Bio safety levels
"BSL - 1
Low Risk Microbes
Commonly causes disease to healthy host
Minimal hazard to workers and environment
BSL - 2
Typically indigenous - varying severity
Moderate risk to workers and environment
BSL - 3
Indigenous or exotic
Potentially lethal diseases through respiratory transmission
BSL-4
High Risk Microbes
Dangerous and exotic
Frequently fatal without treatment or vaccines
"
What is Antibiotic Resistance
, Bacterial resistance is the reduced ability of an antibiotic to stop the bacteria causing disease in
the host human
Define nosocomial infections.
Infections a patient acquires during their stay in a healthcare environment.
What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and drasolic blood pressure?
Systolic blood pressure is when ventricles contract and drastolic blood pressure is when the
ventricles relax
What are some examples of first line defence mechanisms?
skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called
neutrophils
What do cytotoxic T cells do?
They directly attack and kill cells that have specific antigens. They also kill cancer cells.
What is a macronutrient ?
A nutrient needed in large quantities in the diet
What is a micronutrient ?
A nutrient needed in small quantities in the diet
What is one of the principles of Homeopathy?
"One of the principles of homeopathy is the dilution of the therapeutic drug"
What is the bodies average internal temperature?
Update 2026/2027
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the
population.
Quarantine
isolation to prevent the spread of disease
R0
the number of secondary infections that result from a single infected individual entering a
population of entirely susceptible individuals
Carbohydrate
compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the
human body
A nucleotide consists of what theee components?
Nitrogenous base, Pentose sugar, Phosphate group
What is a vector?
Vectors are species that act as a carrier of disease
Define lysogony
Dormant state, viral DNA remains in host chromosomes for many cell cycle generations"
,Define lysis
Rupturing of cell. Newly made viruses release from host cell"
What are prions?
They are incorrectly folded proteins
What are the Bio safety levels
"BSL - 1
Low Risk Microbes
Commonly causes disease to healthy host
Minimal hazard to workers and environment
BSL - 2
Typically indigenous - varying severity
Moderate risk to workers and environment
BSL - 3
Indigenous or exotic
Potentially lethal diseases through respiratory transmission
BSL-4
High Risk Microbes
Dangerous and exotic
Frequently fatal without treatment or vaccines
"
What is Antibiotic Resistance
, Bacterial resistance is the reduced ability of an antibiotic to stop the bacteria causing disease in
the host human
Define nosocomial infections.
Infections a patient acquires during their stay in a healthcare environment.
What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and drasolic blood pressure?
Systolic blood pressure is when ventricles contract and drastolic blood pressure is when the
ventricles relax
What are some examples of first line defence mechanisms?
skin, tears, mucus, cilia, stomach acid, urine flow, 'friendly' bacteria and white blood cells called
neutrophils
What do cytotoxic T cells do?
They directly attack and kill cells that have specific antigens. They also kill cancer cells.
What is a macronutrient ?
A nutrient needed in large quantities in the diet
What is a micronutrient ?
A nutrient needed in small quantities in the diet
What is one of the principles of Homeopathy?
"One of the principles of homeopathy is the dilution of the therapeutic drug"
What is the bodies average internal temperature?
