EECS 1520 Test-Questions, Answers| Newest
Update 2026/2027
computing systems
dynamic entities used to solve problems and interact with their environment
computing systems consist of (3)
hardware, software, and data
layers of computing system
information - hardware - programming - operating system - application - communication
abstraction
mental model which removes complex details making things easier to deal with (driving a car)
abacus
early device record numeric values
Pascal
created mechanical device to add and subtract
Leibniz
created mechanical device capable of performing all four whole number operations (+,-,/,*)
Jacquard
, Jacquards Loom - punched card - used for weaving clothes, loom used series of cards with holes
punched in them to specify use of specific colours in thread -> not a computing device but first
form of input via punched card
Babbage
analytical engine - first machine to include a memory so intermediate numbers do not have to be
re-entred - also used punched cards
difference engine
Ada Lovelace
Babbage's assistant - first programmer in the world - invented concept of the loop
Burroughs
produced and sold mechanical adding device
Hollerith
first electro-magnetic Tabulator (used for census) -> tabulation by means of punched card ->
later founded IBM
Alan Turing
Turing machine - abstract mathematical model - artificial intelligence testing
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator
EDVAC
Update 2026/2027
computing systems
dynamic entities used to solve problems and interact with their environment
computing systems consist of (3)
hardware, software, and data
layers of computing system
information - hardware - programming - operating system - application - communication
abstraction
mental model which removes complex details making things easier to deal with (driving a car)
abacus
early device record numeric values
Pascal
created mechanical device to add and subtract
Leibniz
created mechanical device capable of performing all four whole number operations (+,-,/,*)
Jacquard
, Jacquards Loom - punched card - used for weaving clothes, loom used series of cards with holes
punched in them to specify use of specific colours in thread -> not a computing device but first
form of input via punched card
Babbage
analytical engine - first machine to include a memory so intermediate numbers do not have to be
re-entred - also used punched cards
difference engine
Ada Lovelace
Babbage's assistant - first programmer in the world - invented concept of the loop
Burroughs
produced and sold mechanical adding device
Hollerith
first electro-magnetic Tabulator (used for census) -> tabulation by means of punched card ->
later founded IBM
Alan Turing
Turing machine - abstract mathematical model - artificial intelligence testing
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and calculator
EDVAC
