ARDMS RVT [2026] | COMPLETE ANSWER GUIDE |
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS | FINAL REVIEW
• tunica intima -✓✓ANSWER: innermost layer of endothelial cells, in contact with
blood.
• tunica media -✓✓ANSWER: middle layer, muscle, thicker and more organized
layer.
• tunica adventitia (externa) -✓✓ANSWER: outer layer, epithelial cells,
connective tissue
• vein layers -✓✓ANSWER: 1 layer of thin media to allow flexibility.
• branches of the ascending aorta -✓✓ANSWER: right and left coronary arteries
• three branches of the aortic arch (in order) -✓✓ANSWER: 1:
innominate/brachiocephalic artery
2: left CCA
3: left SUBCLAV
• where does the aortic arch start -✓✓ANSWER: at the level of the innominate
artery, extends to distal LT SUBCLAV
• most common AO arch variation -✓✓ANSWER: Bovine Arch
1: Innominate and LT CCA are COMBINED
, 2: LT SUBCLAV is the second arch
• ABD AO normal measurements -✓✓ANSWER: PROX: 2.0-2.6cm
MID: 1.6- 2.4cm
DIST: 0.6- 1.4cm
• descending (ABD) AO branches -✓✓ANSWER: celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
• where does the AO course -✓✓ANSWER: anterior to the spine, left and
posterior to the IVC
• ABD AO flow characteristics -✓✓ANSWER: Low resistance in the upper AO due
to low-resistance branches
High resistance in distal AO due to higher-resistance branches
• AO velocity, Doppler WF, Resitance -✓✓ANSWER: V: 70-100cm/s
WF: biphasic above renal arteries, triphasic below renal arteries.
resistance increases as it moves distally
• What is coarctation of the aorta? -✓✓ANSWER: A congenital defect that causes
a narrowing of the aorta.
UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS | FINAL REVIEW
• tunica intima -✓✓ANSWER: innermost layer of endothelial cells, in contact with
blood.
• tunica media -✓✓ANSWER: middle layer, muscle, thicker and more organized
layer.
• tunica adventitia (externa) -✓✓ANSWER: outer layer, epithelial cells,
connective tissue
• vein layers -✓✓ANSWER: 1 layer of thin media to allow flexibility.
• branches of the ascending aorta -✓✓ANSWER: right and left coronary arteries
• three branches of the aortic arch (in order) -✓✓ANSWER: 1:
innominate/brachiocephalic artery
2: left CCA
3: left SUBCLAV
• where does the aortic arch start -✓✓ANSWER: at the level of the innominate
artery, extends to distal LT SUBCLAV
• most common AO arch variation -✓✓ANSWER: Bovine Arch
1: Innominate and LT CCA are COMBINED
, 2: LT SUBCLAV is the second arch
• ABD AO normal measurements -✓✓ANSWER: PROX: 2.0-2.6cm
MID: 1.6- 2.4cm
DIST: 0.6- 1.4cm
• descending (ABD) AO branches -✓✓ANSWER: celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
renal arteries
• where does the AO course -✓✓ANSWER: anterior to the spine, left and
posterior to the IVC
• ABD AO flow characteristics -✓✓ANSWER: Low resistance in the upper AO due
to low-resistance branches
High resistance in distal AO due to higher-resistance branches
• AO velocity, Doppler WF, Resitance -✓✓ANSWER: V: 70-100cm/s
WF: biphasic above renal arteries, triphasic below renal arteries.
resistance increases as it moves distally
• What is coarctation of the aorta? -✓✓ANSWER: A congenital defect that causes
a narrowing of the aorta.
