Portage Learning A&P 1
Module 2
** Expert-Verified Explanation
** Questions with Verified Answer
** New Edition | 2026-2027 Updated
** 100% Guaranteed Pass
** 100% Correct Answers
,intracellular internal environment of the cells, contained within the cellular
extracellular environment outside the cells (cellular membrane)
extracellular matrix large network of proteins, molecules, and fluid that surrounds and gives
structures to cell
histology microscopic study of the structure of tissues and their surrounding extracellular
matrix
epithelial tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways/cavities, and can produce glandular
secretions
connective tissue supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the body
muscle tissue contracts to to enable movement
nervous tissue carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of the body
epithelial tissue functions protection, barrier between internal and external environment, surface of body
and lines organs, decreases friction, provides lubrication, secretion, absorption,
excretion, allows for diffusion, cleanses by blocking dust/dirt
absorption moving materials from the lumen to the bloodsream
secretion producing hormones, sweat, milk digestive enzymes
excretion removing materials and wastes from the body
ephitheliall cells: polarity cells have unique surfaces, each with specialized features: apical, lateral, and
basal
apical surface free surface of epithelial cells is the surface facing the external environment or
inside of a lumen (opening). This allows the cells to secrete or absorb materials
from the lumen
apical surface specialized modification Microvilli, cilia
, microvilli add extra surface area to cells, allowing for additional secretions and absorption
cilia longer cytoplasmic extensions and have an internal structure that allows for their
movement
where can ciliated epithelial cells be found trachea and bronchi
how are ciliated cells arranged and what is their function they are arranged in neat rows. Here, each cell may have hundreds of cilia
there designed to cleanse by sweeping trapped particles and mucous up toward the
throat. The particles can then be swallowed and eliminated from the body.
epithelial tissue is avascular- what does that mean these cells do not have a direct blood supply
how does the avascular nature of epithelial tissue affect Nutrients must enter, and wastes must leave by diffusion or absorption from
nutrients and waste underlying tissues because no blood vessels cross the basement membrane.
Even though the tissue is avascular, it is innervate
basal surface of epithelia connects to the basement membrane
basement membrane noncellular and protein-rich, allowing for cells to anchor to it for support. The
basement membrane separates epithelium from other tissue. It is produced by
the basal surface of epithelial cells, as well as connective tissue cells deep to it.
is epithelium highly regenerative yes
Epithelial tissue cells are always connected to one specialized cell junctions
another because of
cell junctions The lateral surfaces are connected between adjoining cells with specialized
intercellular connections with unique proteins
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells together,
called intercellular cement.
first type of specialized connection- gap junctions also called communicating junctions, are unique cellular structures that permit
the free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells
Module 2
** Expert-Verified Explanation
** Questions with Verified Answer
** New Edition | 2026-2027 Updated
** 100% Guaranteed Pass
** 100% Correct Answers
,intracellular internal environment of the cells, contained within the cellular
extracellular environment outside the cells (cellular membrane)
extracellular matrix large network of proteins, molecules, and fluid that surrounds and gives
structures to cell
histology microscopic study of the structure of tissues and their surrounding extracellular
matrix
epithelial tissue covers exposed surfaces, lines passageways/cavities, and can produce glandular
secretions
connective tissue supports and underlies other structures and fills the internal space of the body
muscle tissue contracts to to enable movement
nervous tissue carries electrical impulses and translates information to control activities of the body
epithelial tissue functions protection, barrier between internal and external environment, surface of body
and lines organs, decreases friction, provides lubrication, secretion, absorption,
excretion, allows for diffusion, cleanses by blocking dust/dirt
absorption moving materials from the lumen to the bloodsream
secretion producing hormones, sweat, milk digestive enzymes
excretion removing materials and wastes from the body
ephitheliall cells: polarity cells have unique surfaces, each with specialized features: apical, lateral, and
basal
apical surface free surface of epithelial cells is the surface facing the external environment or
inside of a lumen (opening). This allows the cells to secrete or absorb materials
from the lumen
apical surface specialized modification Microvilli, cilia
, microvilli add extra surface area to cells, allowing for additional secretions and absorption
cilia longer cytoplasmic extensions and have an internal structure that allows for their
movement
where can ciliated epithelial cells be found trachea and bronchi
how are ciliated cells arranged and what is their function they are arranged in neat rows. Here, each cell may have hundreds of cilia
there designed to cleanse by sweeping trapped particles and mucous up toward the
throat. The particles can then be swallowed and eliminated from the body.
epithelial tissue is avascular- what does that mean these cells do not have a direct blood supply
how does the avascular nature of epithelial tissue affect Nutrients must enter, and wastes must leave by diffusion or absorption from
nutrients and waste underlying tissues because no blood vessels cross the basement membrane.
Even though the tissue is avascular, it is innervate
basal surface of epithelia connects to the basement membrane
basement membrane noncellular and protein-rich, allowing for cells to anchor to it for support. The
basement membrane separates epithelium from other tissue. It is produced by
the basal surface of epithelial cells, as well as connective tissue cells deep to it.
is epithelium highly regenerative yes
Epithelial tissue cells are always connected to one specialized cell junctions
another because of
cell junctions The lateral surfaces are connected between adjoining cells with specialized
intercellular connections with unique proteins
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) one type of polysaccharide derivative that helps lock epithelial cells together,
called intercellular cement.
first type of specialized connection- gap junctions also called communicating junctions, are unique cellular structures that permit
the free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells
