PHYSIOL 404 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PHYSIOL 404 EXAM 2 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Auscultation (heart sounds)
Answer:
Listening to heart sounds using a stethoscope placed at the apex of the heart

Question:
2. Location of apex of heart
Answer:
Left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line

Question:
3. Purpose of heart sound lab
Answer:
To identify S1 and S2 and relate them to electrical activity on ECG

Question:
4. Phonocardiogram
Answer:
Graphical recording of heart sounds using a cardiomicrophone

Question:
5. Cardiomicrophone placement
Answer:
Positioned at the apex of the heart to record heart sounds

Question:
6. ECG purpose
Answer:
Measures electrical activity of the heart, not mechanical contraction

Question:
7. Why ECG is not contraction
Answer:
Electrical depolarization occurs before mechanical contraction

Question:
8. Why ECG is regular
Answer:
Pacemaker cells self-depolarize and gap junctions allow coordinated spread of electrical activity

Question:
9. Why EMG is irregular

,Answer:
Skeletal muscle fibers are activated asynchronously and are not electrically coupled

Question:
10. Lead 1 ECG setup
Answer:
Positive electrode on left arm, negative electrode on right arm, ground electrode on ankle

Question:
11. Purpose of ECG leads
Answer:
Record electrical activity of the heart from a specific direction (vector)

Question:
12. ECG is a vector
Answer:
Represents both magnitude and direction of electrical activity

Question:
13. Conducting system pathway
Answer:
SA node ’ AV node ’ Bundle of His ’ Purkinje fibers

Question:
14. Conducting system tissue type
Answer:
Specialized cardiac muscle cells, not neurons

Question:
15. Pacemaker cells
Answer:
Cells in SA and AV nodes that spontaneously depolarize due to unique ion channels

Question:
16. Gap junctions
Answer:
Electrical connections between cardiac cells allowing rapid spread of depolarization

Question:
17. P wave
Answer:
Atrial depolarization from SA node to AV node

Question:
18. QRS complex

, Answer:
Ventricular depolarization from AV node through septum to apex and up ventricular walls

Question:
19. T wave
Answer:
Ventricular repolarization

Question:
20. Upward ECG deflection
Answer:
Depolarization moving toward the positive electrode

Question:
21. Downward ECG deflection
Answer:
Depolarization moving away from the positive electrode

Question:
22. Reason T wave is positive
Answer:
Repolarization occurs in opposite direction but produces similar deflection due to reversed current flow

Question:
23. Atrial systole
Answer:
Occurs during P wave, atria contract and push final ~20% of blood into ventricles

Question:
24. Isovolumetric contraction
Answer:
Begins after QRS, ventricles contract, AV valves close (S1), all valves closed, pressure rises, volume
unchanged

Question:
25. Ejection phase
Answer:
Ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, semilunar valves open, blood ejected, ventricular volume
decreases

Question:
26. Isovolumetric relaxation
Answer:
Begins after T wave, ventricles relax, semilunar valves close (S2), all valves closed, pressure falls, volume
unchanged