Learning And Memory Certification Evaluation Verified Questions With Complete Solutions

LEARNING AND MEMORY CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION VERIFIED QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

●● CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Answer: Pavlov's explanation of conditioning in which a neutral
(conditioned) stimulus gradually gains the ability to elicit a response
because of its pairing with a natural (unconditioned) stimulus.


●● CONNECTIONISM
Answer: Thorndike's explanation of learning (by selecting and
connecting).


●● DISCRIMINATION
Answer: The process by which we learn not to respond to similar stimuli
in an identical manner.


●● EXTINCTION
Answer: Refers to the process by which conditioned responses are lost.


●● OPERANT CONDITIONING
Answer: Skinner's explanation of learning, which emphasizes the
consequences of behavior.

, ●● REINFORCER
Answer: A consequential stimulus that occurs contingent on a behavior
and increases the behavior.


●● POSITIVE REINFORCERS
Answer: Those stimuli whose presentations increase the rate of
responses.


●● NEGATIVE REINFORCERS
Answer: Stimuli whose withdrawal strengthens behavior.


●● PRIMARY REINFORCERS
Answer: The use of reinforcers that is innately satisfying.


●● SECONDARY REINFORCERS
Answer: The use of reinforcers that are learned or conditioned.


●● PUNISHMENT
Answer: Refers to the presentation of an aversive stimulus or removal of
a positive stimulus contingent upon a response that decreases the
probability of the response.