NSG 3850 - EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

NSG 3850 - EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. 2/3 of body fluid is intracellular. 1/3 is extracellular. T/F?
Answer:
True

Question:
2. Where is the extracellular fluid?
Answer:
- between cells (interstitial)
- blood vessels (vascular)
- dense connective tissue and bone
- CSF, GI fluids, synovial (transcellular)

Question:
3. When ADH is low, urine volume is
Answer:
high

Question:
4. When aldosterone is high, urine volume is
Answer:
low

Question:
5. ADH is the "____ water" hormone.
Answer:
free *causes kidneys to reabsorb plain water

Question:
6. Aldosterone is the "____ water" hormone.
Answer:
salt *causes kidneys to reabsorb water AND sodium

Question:
7. BNP is synthesized and released from ventricular cells when ventricular diastolic pressure INCREASES
abnormally, as in:
Answer:
heart failure.

Question:
8. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) promote fluid _______________ in _________.

,Answer:
excretion, urine

Question:
9. Reabsorption of Na+ and H2O caused by aldosterone makes a smaller volume of urine and
___________ extracellular fluid volume.
Answer:
expands

Question:
10. Water moves in and out of cells via: Can electrolytes move freely across the cell membrane?
Answer:
osmosis No!

Question:
11. A gain of more water than salt is called: *gain water
Answer:
dilutional hyponatremia

Question:
12. A loss of more salt than water is called: *lose salt
Answer:
depletional hyponatremia

Question:
13. Aldosterone increases or decreases potassium excretion in urine?
Answer:
Increases

Question:
14. I have low ionized calcium levels after a massive or fast blood transfusion or FFP because of:
Answer:
citrate (preservative in blood products) *citrate renders calcium inactive

Question:
15. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hypoparathyroidism from sx or trauma will have:
Answer:
low levels of calcium

Question:
16. With low levels of extracellular Ca, voltage gated Na channels are less stable. Making them more
likely to open up allowing them to depolarize more easily. This makes neurons more:
Answer:
excitable! *which means tetany occurs

Question:
17. PTH increases plasma calcium, therefore, pt's with hyperparathyroidism will have:

, Answer:
higher levels of calcium

Question:
18. The decreased neuromuscular excitability in hypercalcemia is caused by:
Answer:
elevation of threshold potential of excitable cells.

Question:
19. Chronic alcoholism is a major risk factor for which electrolyte imbalance?
Answer:
Hypomagnesemia

Question:
20. Acetylcholine causes muscles to:
Answer:
contract.

Question:
21. Mg in extracellular fluid usually depresses release of acetylcholine. Therefore if too few Mg ions are
present, muscles will:
Answer:
contract *this is due to neuromuscular excitability

Question:
22. Too much Mg, causes acetylcholine to rarely be released causing muscular:
Answer:
depression

Question:
23. Phosphate is an important component of ATP. Since ATP is a major source of energy, if we have low
phosphate we are more likely to be:
Answer:
weak

Question:
24. Pt's with hyperphosphatemia and kidney dx are likely to have to ______________ salts in soft tissues
of the body. Leading to aching, stiffness in joints, itching, and conjunctivitis.
Answer:
phosphate

Question:
25. What electrolytes are in the ECF and ICF?
Answer:
ECF = K+ and Mg ICF = Na+, Cl, Bicarb