PNP401 - TEST ONE UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PNP401 - TEST ONE UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What is homeostasis?
Answer:
State of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body.

Question:
2. How does the body naturally maintain homeostasis?
Answer:
by adaptive responses that promote survival.
Body fluids and electrolytes are maintained within narrow limits.

Question:
3. What is the major component of the body?
Answer:
water

Question:
4. What is the purpose of water in the body? (4)
Answer:
1) maintain homeostasis
2) place for metabolic reactions
3) transportation system for the body
4) facilitating movement of the body parts

Question:
5. How much of the body is water in an adult?
Answer:
50-60%

Question:
6. How much of the body is water in an older adult?
Answer:
45-55%

Question:
7. How much of the body is water in an infant?
Answer:
70-80%

Question:
8. What is intracellular fluid?

,Answer:
fluid inside the cell

Question:
9. What is extracellular fluid?
Answer:
fluid outside the cell

Question:
10. What are the types of extracellular fluids? (4)
Answer:
- Intravascular fluid (IVF)
- Interstitial fluid (ISF)
- Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
- Transcellular fluids

Question:
11. What type of things are transported by body water?
Answer:
- nutrients
- electrolytes
- oxygen to cells

Question:
12. What mechanisms control fluid and electrolyte movement? (6)
Answer:
1) Diffusion
2) Facilitated diffusion
3) Active transport
4) Osmosis
5) Hydrostatic pressure
6) Oncotic pressure

Question:
13. What is diffusion?
Answer:
Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration

Question:
14. When does the movement of molecules stop in diffusion?
Answer:
Net movement of molecules stops when the concentrations are equal in both areas

Question:
15. Does simple diffusion require energy?

,Answer:
No, it is a passive transport
no external energy required

Question:
16. What is facilitated diffusion?
Answer:
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
still moving from high to low

Question:
17. What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Answer:
in facilitated diffusion the solutes are charged and require assistance from proteins to move across the cell
membrane

Question:
18. What is active transport?
Answer:
A process requiring energy in which molecules move against the concentration gradient
low to high
require ATP to move across cell membrane

Question:
19. What is osmosis?
Answer:
diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Question:
20. What can pas through the selectively permeable membrane in osmosis? What can't?
Answer:
allows the movement of water but not solute

Question:
21. What is the direction of movement in osmosis?
Answer:
Moves from low solute to high solute concentration

Question:
22. Does osmosis require outside energy?
Answer:
no

Question:
23. What is osmolarity?
Answer:
measure of total concentration of solute particles

, Question:
24. What is osmotic pressure?
Answer:
The amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water.
determined by concentration of solutes in solution

Question:
25. What is osmolality?
Answer:
the concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per kilogram.
mmol/kg

Question:
26. What is a an isotonic solution?
Answer:
Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell interior

Question:
27. What is a hypotonic solution?
Answer:
Fluids in which the solutes are less than concentrated than they are in cells

Question:
28. What is a hypertonic solution>
Answer:
Fluid with solutes more concentrated than they are in cell interior.

Question:
29. What type of solution is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)?
Answer:
Isotonic

Question:
30. What is 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl) used for?
Answer:
- Fluid resuscitation for hemorrhaging
- severe vomiting, diarrhea
- GI suctioning losses
- wound drainage
- mild hyponatremia
- blood transfusions.

Question:
31. Nursing considerations 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)?
Answer:
Monitor closely for hypervolemia, especially with heart failure or renal failure.