NSG 3100 Exam 1 | Fundamentals of
Nursing
FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING SUCCESS GUIDE (2026/2027) - GALEN
COLLEGE
(1) Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and is known for improving
sanitation in military hospitals?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Mary Mahoney
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy
based on health maintenance and restoration. She was a pioneer in using statistics and
sanitation to improve patient outcomes.
(2) Which nursing organization is responsible for establishing the Standards of
Professional Nursing Practice?
A. National League for Nursing (NLN)
B. American Nurses Association (ANA)
C. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D. Sigma Theta Tau
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: The ANA develops the Standards of Practice and the Code of
Ethics for Nurses in the United States, which define the scope and duties of nursing.
,(3) A nurse is using Orem's theory to care for a client. What is the primary focus of this
nursing theory?
A. Cultural care diversity
B. Systems and environment
C. Self-care deficit
0. Interpersonal relations
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: Dorothea Orem's theory focuses on the client's self-care needs;
the goal of nursing is to help the client perform self-care independently.
(4) Which QSEN competency is being demonstrated when a nurse uses a computerized
bar-code system to administer medications?
A. Patient-Centered Care
B. Quality Improvement
C. Informatics
D. Evidence-Based Practice
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: The Informatics competency involves using information and
technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-
making.
,(5) A client is admitted to a long-term care facility for rehabilitation after a hip
replacement. This is an example of which level of healthcare?
A. Primary Care
B. Secondary Care
C. Tertiary Care
D. Restorative Care
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Foundational Rationale: Restorative care involves settings that help individuals regain
maximal functional status and enhance quality of life after an acute illness or injury (e.g.,
rehab, home care).
(6) During the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship, which of the following
occurs?
A. The nurse and client work together to solve problems.
B. The nurse and client meet and clarify their roles.
C. The nurse evaluates whether goals were met.
D. The client assumes responsibility for their own care.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: In the orientation phase, the nurse and client meet, build rapport,
and establish the parameters of the relationship, including the agreement about when and
where meetings will occur.
, (7) A 'Never Event' in a hospital setting refers to which of the following?
A. An expected complication of surgery.
B. A medication error that did not reach the patient.
C. A serious, preventable medical error that should never occur.
D. A natural disaster that affects the hospital.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: 'Never Events' are devastating and preventable errors (like
surgery on the wrong body part or hospital-acquired stage 3 pressure injuries) for which
Medicare will not provide reimbursement.
(8) A nurse who advocates for a client's right to refuse a specific treatment is acting in
which professional role?
A. Manager
B. Educator
C. Patient Advocate
D. Researcher
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: As an advocate, the nurse protects the client's human and legal
rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises.
Nursing
FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL NURSING SUCCESS GUIDE (2026/2027) - GALEN
COLLEGE
(1) Who is considered the founder of modern nursing and is known for improving
sanitation in military hospitals?
A. Clara Barton
B. Florence Nightingale
C. Dorothea Dix
D. Mary Mahoney
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: Florence Nightingale established the first nursing philosophy
based on health maintenance and restoration. She was a pioneer in using statistics and
sanitation to improve patient outcomes.
(2) Which nursing organization is responsible for establishing the Standards of
Professional Nursing Practice?
A. National League for Nursing (NLN)
B. American Nurses Association (ANA)
C. International Council of Nurses (ICN)
D. Sigma Theta Tau
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: The ANA develops the Standards of Practice and the Code of
Ethics for Nurses in the United States, which define the scope and duties of nursing.
,(3) A nurse is using Orem's theory to care for a client. What is the primary focus of this
nursing theory?
A. Cultural care diversity
B. Systems and environment
C. Self-care deficit
0. Interpersonal relations
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: Dorothea Orem's theory focuses on the client's self-care needs;
the goal of nursing is to help the client perform self-care independently.
(4) Which QSEN competency is being demonstrated when a nurse uses a computerized
bar-code system to administer medications?
A. Patient-Centered Care
B. Quality Improvement
C. Informatics
D. Evidence-Based Practice
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: The Informatics competency involves using information and
technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision-
making.
,(5) A client is admitted to a long-term care facility for rehabilitation after a hip
replacement. This is an example of which level of healthcare?
A. Primary Care
B. Secondary Care
C. Tertiary Care
D. Restorative Care
CORRECT ANSWER: D
Foundational Rationale: Restorative care involves settings that help individuals regain
maximal functional status and enhance quality of life after an acute illness or injury (e.g.,
rehab, home care).
(6) During the orientation phase of the nurse-client relationship, which of the following
occurs?
A. The nurse and client work together to solve problems.
B. The nurse and client meet and clarify their roles.
C. The nurse evaluates whether goals were met.
D. The client assumes responsibility for their own care.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
Foundational Rationale: In the orientation phase, the nurse and client meet, build rapport,
and establish the parameters of the relationship, including the agreement about when and
where meetings will occur.
, (7) A 'Never Event' in a hospital setting refers to which of the following?
A. An expected complication of surgery.
B. A medication error that did not reach the patient.
C. A serious, preventable medical error that should never occur.
D. A natural disaster that affects the hospital.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: 'Never Events' are devastating and preventable errors (like
surgery on the wrong body part or hospital-acquired stage 3 pressure injuries) for which
Medicare will not provide reimbursement.
(8) A nurse who advocates for a client's right to refuse a specific treatment is acting in
which professional role?
A. Manager
B. Educator
C. Patient Advocate
D. Researcher
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Foundational Rationale: As an advocate, the nurse protects the client's human and legal
rights and provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises.
