HSC 302 - FINAL EXAM REVIEW UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. anatomy
Answer:
the study of STRUCTURE of body parts and their relationships
Question:
2. physiology
Answer:
the study of FUNCTION of body parts and how they work
Question:
3. 6 levels of biological organizations
Answer:
1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organisim level
Question:
4. homeostasis
Answer:
maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes
-regulating bp
-maintaining blood glucose
-keeping bp stable
Question:
5. negative feedback
Answer:
a response that opposes the initial change and restores balance
-thermoregulation
-glucose regulation
Question:
6. glucose homeostasis
Answer:
*high blood sugar - pancreas releases insulin - cells uptake glucose - glucose lowers *low blood sugar -
pancreas releases glucagon - liver releases stored glucose (glycogen) - level rises
,Question:
7. calcium homeostasis
Answer:
*low calcium - PTH increases calcium, by stimulating bone reabsorption, kidneys, vitamin D activation
*High calcium - calcitonin lowers calcium, by inhibiting bone reabsorption
Question:
8. positive feedback example
Answer:
blood clotting: activation of one clotting factor activates many more until the clot fully forms
Question:
9. cell
Answer:
basic structural and functional unit of life
Question:
10. phospholipid bilayer
Answer:
-two layers of phospholipids
-heads: hydrophilic (water-loving)
-tails: hydrophobic (water-fearing)
Question:
11. selectively permeable
Answer:
membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others
Question:
12. DNA
Answer:
-deoxyribose
-double stranded
-A,T,C,G
-located in nucleus
-genetic blueprint
Question:
13. RNA
Answer:
-ribose
-single stranded
-A,U,C,G
-located in cytoplasm/nucleus
-helps build proteins
, Question:
14. protein synthesis
Answer:
DNA -mRNA (transcription) - ribosome - tRNA brings amino acids (translation) protein
Question:
15. organelles
Answer:
-nucleus: DNA storage
-ribosomes: protein synthesis
-mitochondria: ATP production
-Rough ER: makes membrane proteins
-smooth ER: lipids, detox
- golgi: packaging and shipping
-lysosomes: digestion
-cytoskeleton: structure and movement
Question:
16. ATP Production
Answer:
1. glycolysis: anaerobic, cytoplasm, produces 2 ATP
2. krebs cycle: mitochondria, produces 2 ATP
3. ETC: mitochondria, produces about 32 ATP
Question:
17. membrane proteins
Answer:
-channels
-carriers
-receptors
-enzymes
-anchoring proteins
-identification proteins
Question:
18. osmosis
Answer:
movement of water from low-high solute concentration
Question:
19. diffuctions
Answer:
movement of solutes from high to low concentrations
Question:
20. sodium-potassium pump
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. anatomy
Answer:
the study of STRUCTURE of body parts and their relationships
Question:
2. physiology
Answer:
the study of FUNCTION of body parts and how they work
Question:
3. 6 levels of biological organizations
Answer:
1. chemical level
2. cellular level
3. tissue level
4. organ level
5. organ system level
6. organisim level
Question:
4. homeostasis
Answer:
maintaining a stable internal environment despite external changes
-regulating bp
-maintaining blood glucose
-keeping bp stable
Question:
5. negative feedback
Answer:
a response that opposes the initial change and restores balance
-thermoregulation
-glucose regulation
Question:
6. glucose homeostasis
Answer:
*high blood sugar - pancreas releases insulin - cells uptake glucose - glucose lowers *low blood sugar -
pancreas releases glucagon - liver releases stored glucose (glycogen) - level rises
,Question:
7. calcium homeostasis
Answer:
*low calcium - PTH increases calcium, by stimulating bone reabsorption, kidneys, vitamin D activation
*High calcium - calcitonin lowers calcium, by inhibiting bone reabsorption
Question:
8. positive feedback example
Answer:
blood clotting: activation of one clotting factor activates many more until the clot fully forms
Question:
9. cell
Answer:
basic structural and functional unit of life
Question:
10. phospholipid bilayer
Answer:
-two layers of phospholipids
-heads: hydrophilic (water-loving)
-tails: hydrophobic (water-fearing)
Question:
11. selectively permeable
Answer:
membrane allows some substances to pass while restricting others
Question:
12. DNA
Answer:
-deoxyribose
-double stranded
-A,T,C,G
-located in nucleus
-genetic blueprint
Question:
13. RNA
Answer:
-ribose
-single stranded
-A,U,C,G
-located in cytoplasm/nucleus
-helps build proteins
, Question:
14. protein synthesis
Answer:
DNA -mRNA (transcription) - ribosome - tRNA brings amino acids (translation) protein
Question:
15. organelles
Answer:
-nucleus: DNA storage
-ribosomes: protein synthesis
-mitochondria: ATP production
-Rough ER: makes membrane proteins
-smooth ER: lipids, detox
- golgi: packaging and shipping
-lysosomes: digestion
-cytoskeleton: structure and movement
Question:
16. ATP Production
Answer:
1. glycolysis: anaerobic, cytoplasm, produces 2 ATP
2. krebs cycle: mitochondria, produces 2 ATP
3. ETC: mitochondria, produces about 32 ATP
Question:
17. membrane proteins
Answer:
-channels
-carriers
-receptors
-enzymes
-anchoring proteins
-identification proteins
Question:
18. osmosis
Answer:
movement of water from low-high solute concentration
Question:
19. diffuctions
Answer:
movement of solutes from high to low concentrations
Question:
20. sodium-potassium pump
