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Anatomy & Physiology Science Olympiad 2026 (More Information).pdf

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Anatomy & Physiology Science Olympiad 2026 (More Information).pdf

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Anatomy & Physiology Science Olympiad 2026 (More I
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


nformation)


What is the Central Nervous System (CNS) composed of? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The CNS is composed of the brain and spin
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


al cord.
./




What are the main functions of the cerebrum? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The cerebrum handles conscious thought,
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


memory, language, and sensory processing.
./ ./ ./ ./




What are the four lobes of the cerebrum and their primary f
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


unctions? - ./


correct answer Frontal lobe (voluntary movement, plannin
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


g, personality, judgment), Parietal lobe (touch, spatial orien
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


tation, language comprehension), Temporal lobe (auditory
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


processing, memory, emotion), Occipital lobe (vision proc
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


essing).

,What is the role of the cerebellum? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The cerebellum coordinates voluntary mov
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


ement, maintains balance, and is critical for motor learning.
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./




What are the main functions of the brainstem? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The brainstem connects the brain to the spin
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


al cord and controls vital functions such as heartbeat, blood
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


pressure, and respiration. ./ ./




What is the function of the thalamus? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The thalamus is the major relay station for s
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


ensory inputs (except smell) and filters information to the c
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


erebral cortex. ./




What does the hypothalamus regulate? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, i
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ncluding body temperature, hunger, thirst, circadian rhyth
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ms, and emotions.
./ ./

, What is the function of the pineal gland? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


regulates the sleep-wake cycle. ./ ./ ./




What is the structure of the spinal cord? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer The spinal cord has an H-
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


shaped gray matter core surrounded by white matter, with d
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


orsal horns for sensory input and ventral horns for motor ou
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


tput.


What is an action potential? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer An action potential is a rapid electrical imp
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


ulse that propagates along an axon, involving depolarizatio
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


n and repolarization of the neuron's membrane.
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./




What are the two main types of synapses? -
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


correct answer Chemical synapses (involving neurotransm
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


itter release) and electrical synapses (allowing direct ionic
./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./ ./


current flow). ./

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