FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN
PHYSIOLOGY FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
VIEW
●● what type of relationships does physiology focus on?
Answer: structure- function relationships
example- heart receiving and pumping blood
●● what is homeostasis
Answer: maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
essential for survival and function of all cells
use physiological processes to maintain homeostasis
●● what is the scientific method?
Answer: a. make observations
b. form hypothesis
c. design and conduct experiments
d. analyze the dats
e. results replicated before conclusion accepted
f. verified hypothesis can become theory
,●● how do physiological systems act to maintain homeostasis?
Answer: pathways:
1. sensor-detects deviation in a condition
2. integrating center- controls the activity of the effector
3. effector- makes appropriate adjustments
●● sensor (in detail)
Answer: detects deviations in a condition away from a specified level
(set point)
●● integrating center (in detail)
Answer: controls the activity of the effectors based on input from the
sensors
-regulates around a setpoint
●● effector (in detail)
Answer: makes appropriate adjustments to counter the change
-usually operates by feedback loop
●● what is feedback
Answer: control center that sends signals to effectors making
adjustments to stay in homeostasis
,●● what are the two types of feedback loops?
Answer: 1. negative feedback loop
2. positive feedback loop
●● negative feedback loop
Answer: change in condition leads to response which counteracts that
change
(most common one)
●● positive feedback loop
Answer: change in a condition leads to a response which amplifies that
change
●● homeostasis is maintained by what?
Answer: opposing effectors- move conditions in opposite directions
-maintains variables within a certain normal range, or dynamic
constancy
-example: hot-you sweat, cold- you shiver
●● regulation of processes within organs can occur in what two ways?
Answer: intrinsically and extrinsically
, ●● intrinsically
Answer: cells within the organ sense change and signal to neighboring
cells to respond appropriately
●● extrinsically
Answer: outside of organ
-endocrine system- secrete hormones
-nervous system- send messages to tissue
●● adaptation
Answer: characteristic that favors survival in a specific environment
-inherited change
(irreversible)
●● acclimitization
Answer: improved functioning of an already existing homeostatic
system
-reversible
●● levels of organization
Answer: cell- basic unit of living things
tissue- group of similar cells
organ- group of two or more tissues
PHYSIOLOGY FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION
VIEW
●● what type of relationships does physiology focus on?
Answer: structure- function relationships
example- heart receiving and pumping blood
●● what is homeostasis
Answer: maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
essential for survival and function of all cells
use physiological processes to maintain homeostasis
●● what is the scientific method?
Answer: a. make observations
b. form hypothesis
c. design and conduct experiments
d. analyze the dats
e. results replicated before conclusion accepted
f. verified hypothesis can become theory
,●● how do physiological systems act to maintain homeostasis?
Answer: pathways:
1. sensor-detects deviation in a condition
2. integrating center- controls the activity of the effector
3. effector- makes appropriate adjustments
●● sensor (in detail)
Answer: detects deviations in a condition away from a specified level
(set point)
●● integrating center (in detail)
Answer: controls the activity of the effectors based on input from the
sensors
-regulates around a setpoint
●● effector (in detail)
Answer: makes appropriate adjustments to counter the change
-usually operates by feedback loop
●● what is feedback
Answer: control center that sends signals to effectors making
adjustments to stay in homeostasis
,●● what are the two types of feedback loops?
Answer: 1. negative feedback loop
2. positive feedback loop
●● negative feedback loop
Answer: change in condition leads to response which counteracts that
change
(most common one)
●● positive feedback loop
Answer: change in a condition leads to a response which amplifies that
change
●● homeostasis is maintained by what?
Answer: opposing effectors- move conditions in opposite directions
-maintains variables within a certain normal range, or dynamic
constancy
-example: hot-you sweat, cold- you shiver
●● regulation of processes within organs can occur in what two ways?
Answer: intrinsically and extrinsically
, ●● intrinsically
Answer: cells within the organ sense change and signal to neighboring
cells to respond appropriately
●● extrinsically
Answer: outside of organ
-endocrine system- secrete hormones
-nervous system- send messages to tissue
●● adaptation
Answer: characteristic that favors survival in a specific environment
-inherited change
(irreversible)
●● acclimitization
Answer: improved functioning of an already existing homeostatic
system
-reversible
●● levels of organization
Answer: cell- basic unit of living things
tissue- group of similar cells
organ- group of two or more tissues
