ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events a. positive feedback
that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a
system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
What organ shrinks with age? b. gums
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
Which of the following is true? d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true? c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased b. Acclimatization
availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is d. Iatrogenic
unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life? d. Neonatal
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the d. Sign
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines? c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
Which of the following is a true statement? b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume
regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease
in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
,ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell d. They cross by diffusion
membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport
system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by
endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a a. Protein synthesis
component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is c. The sodium-potassium pump
responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
Cellular hypoxia results in: d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
extremities after a prolonged period of bed rest. This is
most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most c. Atrophy
likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia
deep sea divers get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which
destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin,
preventing the RBCs from carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and
resulting in ischemia
Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest a. Dysplasia
concern if found on a biopsy report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is d. Transcription
synthesized from single stranded DNA?
a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription
,ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found c. Hematopoietic tissue
in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue
If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is a. aa
the genotype of this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has a. duplication
been linked with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
Which of the following refers to a deficiency of factor VIII c. Hemophilia
that causes a bleeding disorder?
a. Marfan Syndrome
b. Phenylketonuria
c. Hemophilia
d. Huntington
Which of the following is a retrovirus that causes cancer? c. Epstein-Barr virus
a. Rhinovirus
b. Parvovirus
c. Epstein-Barr virus
d. Poxvirus
Which of the following genes contributes specifically to b. BRCA1
some breast cancer?
a. Rb
b. BRCA1
c. P53
d. VHL
Which is used to describe the histologic characteristics of c. Grading
tumor cells?
a. Staging
b. Cachexia
c. Grading
d. Angiogenesis
Which of the following offers the best prognosis for the a. Early detection
cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
Which of the following is true about cancer? c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
a. Most deaths occur in those over 75 years old
b. Men have 1 in 3 lifetime risk of cancer
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
d. It is the leading cause of death
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events a. positive feedback
that does not favor stability and often abruptly displaces a
system from its steady state: what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis
What organ shrinks with age? b. gums
a. Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above
Which of the following is true? d. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true? c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased b. Acclimatization
availability of oxygen at high altitude is termed which?
a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is d. Iatrogenic
unwanted medical treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life? d. Neonatal
a. Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the d. Sign
disease?
a. Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines? c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
a. They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate
Which of the following is a true statement? b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume
regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease
in pain perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity
,ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell d. They cross by diffusion
membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport
system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by
endocytosis and exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a a. Protein synthesis
component of anabolic metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is c. The sodium-potassium pump
responsible for maintaining cell volume?
a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters
Cellular hypoxia results in: d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
a. Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
extremities after a prolonged period of bed rest. This is
most likely caused by:
a. Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most c. Atrophy
likely to occur from chronic ischemia?
a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia
What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in ischemia
deep sea divers get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which
destroy the cellular membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin,
preventing the RBCs from carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and
resulting in ischemia
Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest a. Dysplasia
concern if found on a biopsy report?
a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy
Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is d. Transcription
synthesized from single stranded DNA?
a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription
,ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2024-2025 ACTUAL EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) A
Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found c. Hematopoietic tissue
in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue
If a patient has a recessive trait, which of the following is a. aa
the genotype of this patient?
a. aa
b. AA
c. Aa
d. aA
Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities has a. duplication
been linked with Down Syndrome?
a. Translocation
b. Inversion
c. Deletion
d. Duplication
Which of the following refers to a deficiency of factor VIII c. Hemophilia
that causes a bleeding disorder?
a. Marfan Syndrome
b. Phenylketonuria
c. Hemophilia
d. Huntington
Which of the following is a retrovirus that causes cancer? c. Epstein-Barr virus
a. Rhinovirus
b. Parvovirus
c. Epstein-Barr virus
d. Poxvirus
Which of the following genes contributes specifically to b. BRCA1
some breast cancer?
a. Rb
b. BRCA1
c. P53
d. VHL
Which is used to describe the histologic characteristics of c. Grading
tumor cells?
a. Staging
b. Cachexia
c. Grading
d. Angiogenesis
Which of the following offers the best prognosis for the a. Early detection
cure of cancer?
a. Early detection
b. Aggressive chemotherapy
c. Adjunct radiation
d. Gene therapy
Which of the following is true about cancer? c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
a. Most deaths occur in those over 75 years old
b. Men have 1 in 3 lifetime risk of cancer
c. The combined 5 year survival rate for cancer is 62%
d. It is the leading cause of death
